Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Schizophrenia: Psychological Explanations - Cognitive Explanation

2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Schizophrenia: Psychological Explanations - Cognitive Explanation

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This flashcard set focuses on the cognitive explanation of schizophrenia and provides a helpful structure for exam answers. It highlights the sequence: Name → Explain → Feeling → Symptom, guiding students to clearly outline psychological explanations.

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom

Answer: Name

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom

Answer: Name

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/____________/Feeling/Symptom

Answer: Explain

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/__________/Symptom

Answer: Feeling

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/Feeling/__________

Answer: Symptom

Question: What is the main focus of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia

Answer: It focuses on the role of internal mental processes.

Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to what?

Answer: normal thought processing

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TermDefinition

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom

Answer: Name

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/____________/Feeling/Symptom

Answer: Explain

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/__________/Symptom

Answer: Feeling

Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/Feeling/__________

Answer: Symptom

Question: What is the main focus of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia

Answer: It focuses on the role of internal mental processes.

Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to what?

Answer: normal thought processing

Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to normal thought processing. Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms.

Answer: 1. Meta-representation dysfunction – leads to hallucinations and delusions. 2. Central control dysfunction – causes disorganised speech and thought.

Question: Who identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger schizophrenic ymptoms.

Answer: Frith et al (1992)

Question: What did Frith et al (1992) say the two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing could do?

Answer: Trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Question: Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms. What are they?

Answer: Meta-representation and central control.

Question: Meta-representation and _________ control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could Trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Answer: central

Question: __________-representation and central control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Answer: Meta

Question: Metarepresentation is the _______ ability to reflect on ________ and behaviour.

Answer: cognitive; thoughts

Question: What does metarepresentation allow us to do?

Answer: It allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others.

Question: Which type of thought processing allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others?

Answer: metarepresentation

Question: Metarepresentation is the cognitive ability to reflect on what?

Answer: thoughts and behaviour

Question: What can dysfunction in metarepresentation do?

Answer: Disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or others.

Question: Dysfunction in metarepresentation disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or…

Answer: others.

Question: Dysfunction in metarepresentation could explain which positive symptoms of auditory hallucinations

Answer: Auditory hallucinations

Question: What does a person with dysfunction in metarepresentation not able to do?

Answer: An individual may not understand that the voice in their head is their own voice and not somebody else’s.

Question: Central control is the cognitive ability to ___________ automatic responses whilst performing a __________ action instead.

Answer: suppress; deliberate

Question: What 2 things are you able to do if you have a functional central control l?

Answer: 1. you can suppress (withhold) automatic responses 2. you can perform a deliberate action.

Question: Dysfunction in central control could explain _________ poverty and ________ disorder.

Answer: Speech; thought

Question: How does dysfunction in central control explain speech poverty and thought disorder?

Answer: individuals are not able to suppress automatic thoughts and speech.

Question: What is disrupted spoken sentences, known as?

Answer: derailment

Question: What is derailment?

Answer: This is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other associations and the person cannot suppress the action.

Question: Derailment is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other _ and the person cannot suppress the action.

Answer: associations; suppress

Question: AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the procedure. Thus, supporting Frith’s theory of central control dysfunction as an explanation of schizophrenia.

Answer: They compared 30 patients with schizophrenia with 18 non-patient controls on a range of cognitive tasks such as the Stroop Test. Participants had to accurately name the ink colour of the colour word printed.

Question: AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the findings of the sudy

Answer: 1. Schizophrenia patients took over twice as long to complete the task as the control group.

Question: AO3: Stirling et al (2006) found that individuals with schizophrenia took twice as long to complete the cognitive tasks as the control group, Why?

Answer: Because individuals with schizophrenia could not suppress their automatic response of saying the word rather than the colour.

Question: AO3: Practical application What is the theory used to explain the development of schizophrenia?

Answer: that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts

Question: AO3: Practical application With the knowledge that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts led to what real-world application?

Answer: It led to the treatment of cognitive behavioural therapy.

Question: Why's cognitive behavioural therapy effective in treating schizophrenia

Answer: It can help reduce delusions.

Question: Central control is the cognitive ability to ___ automatic responses whilst performing a deliberate action instead.

Answer: suppress