2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - Schizophrenia: Psychological Explanations - Cognitive Explanation
This flashcard set focuses on the cognitive explanation of schizophrenia and provides a helpful structure for exam answers. It highlights the sequence: Name → Explain → Feeling → Symptom, guiding students to clearly outline psychological explanations.
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom
Answer: Name
Key Terms
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom
Answer: Name
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/____________/Feeling/Symptom
Answer: Explain
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/__________/Symptom
Answer: Feeling
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/Feeling/__________
Answer: Symptom
Question: What is the main focus of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia
Answer: It focuses on the role of internal mental processes.
Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to what?
Answer: normal thought processing
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: __________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom | Answer: Name |
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/____________/Feeling/Symptom | Answer: Explain |
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/__________/Symptom | Answer: Feeling |
Question: When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure: Name/Explain/Feeling/__________ | Answer: Symptom |
Question: What is the main focus of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia | Answer: It focuses on the role of internal mental processes. |
Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to what? | Answer: normal thought processing |
Question: Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to normal thought processing. Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms. | Answer: 1. Meta-representation dysfunction – leads to hallucinations and delusions. 2. Central control dysfunction – causes disorganised speech and thought. |
Question: Who identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger schizophrenic ymptoms. | Answer: Frith et al (1992) |
Question: What did Frith et al (1992) say the two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing could do? | Answer: Trigger schizophrenic symptoms. |
Question: Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms. What are they? | Answer: Meta-representation and central control. |
Question: Meta-representation and _________ control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could Trigger schizophrenic symptoms. | Answer: central |
Question: __________-representation and central control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could trigger schizophrenic symptoms. | Answer: Meta |
Question: Metarepresentation is the _______ ability to reflect on ________ and behaviour. | Answer: cognitive; thoughts |
Question: What does metarepresentation allow us to do? | Answer: It allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others. |
Question: Which type of thought processing allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others? | Answer: metarepresentation |
Question: Metarepresentation is the cognitive ability to reflect on what? | Answer: thoughts and behaviour |
Question: What can dysfunction in metarepresentation do? | Answer: Disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or others. |
Question: Dysfunction in metarepresentation disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or… | Answer: others. |
Question: Dysfunction in metarepresentation could explain which positive symptoms of auditory hallucinations | Answer: Auditory hallucinations |
Question: What does a person with dysfunction in metarepresentation not able to do? | Answer: An individual may not understand that the voice in their head is their own voice and not somebody else’s. |
Question: Central control is the cognitive ability to ___________ automatic responses whilst performing a __________ action instead. | Answer: suppress; deliberate |
Question: What 2 things are you able to do if you have a functional central control l? | Answer: 1. you can suppress (withhold) automatic responses 2. you can perform a deliberate action. |
Question: Dysfunction in central control could explain _________ poverty and ________ disorder. | Answer: Speech; thought |
Question: How does dysfunction in central control explain speech poverty and thought disorder? | Answer: individuals are not able to suppress automatic thoughts and speech. |
Question: What is disrupted spoken sentences, known as? | Answer: derailment |
Question: What is derailment? | Answer: This is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other associations and the person cannot suppress the action. |
Question: Derailment is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other _ and the person cannot suppress the action. | Answer: associations; suppress |
Question: AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the procedure. Thus, supporting Frith’s theory of central control dysfunction as an explanation of schizophrenia. | Answer: They compared 30 patients with schizophrenia with 18 non-patient controls on a range of cognitive tasks such as the Stroop Test. Participants had to accurately name the ink colour of the colour word printed. |
Question: AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the findings of the sudy | Answer: 1. Schizophrenia patients took over twice as long to complete the task as the control group. |
Question: AO3: Stirling et al (2006) found that individuals with schizophrenia took twice as long to complete the cognitive tasks as the control group, Why? | Answer: Because individuals with schizophrenia could not suppress their automatic response of saying the word rather than the colour. |
Question: AO3: Practical application What is the theory used to explain the development of schizophrenia? | Answer: that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts |
Question: AO3: Practical application With the knowledge that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts led to what real-world application? | Answer: It led to the treatment of cognitive behavioural therapy. |
Question: Why's cognitive behavioural therapy effective in treating schizophrenia | Answer: It can help reduce delusions. |
Question: Central control is the cognitive ability to ___ automatic responses whilst performing a deliberate action instead. | Answer: suppress |