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2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - The Cognitive Approach
This flashcard deck covers key concepts and questions from the cognitive approach in A-Level Psychology, including models, schemas, and cognitive neuroscience.
According to the cognitive approach what does our mind work like?
A computer
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
According to the cognitive approach what does our mind work like?
A computer
How is the cognitive approach different to the behaviorist approach?
The cognitive approach suggests we actively process and organise information WHEREAS the behaviourist approach suggests we passively respond to stimul...
What is meant by ‘inferences’
Going beyond the immediate evidence to draw logical assumptions about internal mental processes
Describe the three-stage process of the computer model
INPUT (info from env.) –> PROCESS (we interpret) —-> OUTPUT (behaviour)
What is one benefit of using models according to the cognitive approach?
They provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically
What is meant by ‘schemas’?
Mental representations
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
According to the cognitive approach what does our mind work like? | A computer |
How is the cognitive approach different to the behaviorist approach? | The cognitive approach suggests we actively process and organise information WHEREAS the behaviourist approach suggests we passively respond to stimuli |
What is meant by ‘inferences’ | Going beyond the immediate evidence to draw logical assumptions about internal mental processes |
Describe the three-stage process of the computer model | INPUT (info from env.) –> PROCESS (we interpret) —-> OUTPUT (behaviour) |
What is one benefit of using models according to the cognitive approach? | They provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically |
What is meant by ‘schemas’? | Mental representations |
How are ‘schemas’ created? | Experience |
Where are ‘schemas’ held? | In our LTM |
Name one reason why schemas are beneficial | • Can help us predict what might happen • Help us make quick decisions • Prevent us from being overwhelmed |
Name one reason why schemas may not be beneficial | • Biased recall / EWT; we will recall what we expect to see • Negative schemas may make an individual vulnerable to depression |
What are the three parts of the computer model? | • Input • Processing • Output |
What part of the depression topic is an example of the a computer model? | Ellis ABC Model |
Name one example of a theoretical model? | Multi-store model |
What is a theoretical model? | Models can be used to provide testable theories about mental processing and can be studied scientifically and inferences made. |
Cognitive neuroscience is scientific study of brain/neurological structures, mechanisms, processes, chemistry that are responsible for | Cognitive/mental/thinking processes |
Cognitive neuroscience has developed because of changes in technology. Name two brain imaging techniques used by cognitive neuroscientists? | fMRI and PET scans |
Cognitive neuroscience works by comparing what and what do they want to identify | People with a disorder to those without a disorder to identify the physical basis for cognitive processes in the brain |
Cognitive neuroscience argue which types of models are important to understand how individuals think? | Computer Models |
Tulving used brain scans where he asked participants to complete tasks that used which two types of Long Term Memory (LTM)? | Episodic and semantic memory |
Tulving argued that the two parts of LTM are located on opposite sides of which brain area? | Pre-frontal cortex |
Think about DREAMS. What AO3 points could you use? | • Practical Applications • Soft Determinism • Scientific Methods |