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2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - The Learning Approaches Part 1
This deck covers key concepts of learning approaches in psychology, focusing on behaviourism and social learning theory, including classical and operant conditioning.
Name two learning approaches
Behaviourism and Social Learning Theory
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Name two learning approaches
Behaviourism and Social Learning Theory
Identify 3 assumptions of the behaviourist approach
1. Humans are born as a blank slate 2. All behaviour is learnt from the environment 3. Free will is not possible
Where do behaviourists say behaviour is learnt from?
Environment
Why do behaviourists believe animals can replace humans in research?
As they learn in the same way
What are the two main theories of behaviourism?
Classical and operant conditioning
Classical conditioning is where we learn through…
Association
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Name two learning approaches | Behaviourism and Social Learning Theory |
Identify 3 assumptions of the behaviourist approach | 1. Humans are born as a blank slate 2. All behaviour is learnt from the environment 3. Free will is not possible |
Where do behaviourists say behaviour is learnt from? | Environment |
Why do behaviourists believe animals can replace humans in research? | As they learn in the same way |
What are the two main theories of behaviourism? | Classical and operant conditioning |
Classical conditioning is where we learn through… | Association |
Operant conditioning is where we learn through… | Consequence (reinforcement and punishments) |
Learning through association is known as… | Classical conditioning |
Learning through consequence is known as… | Operant conditioning |
Tim picks up rubbish in his school playground. His teacher gives him a gold star. What type of reinforcement is this an example of? | Positive reinforcement |
Positive reinforcement means the behaviour is _______________ to be repeated | Likely |
Negative reinforcement means the behaviour is ______________ to be repeated | Likely |
Punishment means the behaviour is ________________ to be repeated | Unlikely |
Tim completes his Brainscape decks to avoid his teacher shouting at him so badly it makes him question his decision to take Psychology in the first place. How would behaviourists explain this behaviour? | Negative reinforcement |
According to positive reinforcement, WHY is behaviour likely to be REPEATED? | To receive the same reward |
According to negative reinforcement, WHY is a behaviour likely to be REPEATED | To avoid a negative consequence |
Which researcher is responsible for investigating classical conditioning? | Pavlov |
In Pavlov’s research, what was unconditioned stimulus? | The food |
In Pavlov’s research, what was the unconditioned response? | The dog salivating |
In Pavlov’s research, what was the bell? | Neutral stimulus |