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2022-2024 Year 13 A-Level Psychology - The Humanistic Approach TW
This deck covers key concepts of the Humanistic Approach in A-Level Psychology, including self-actualization, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and Person Centered Therapy.
What do humans have an innate need for, according to humanist psychologists?
Self-actualisation
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What do humans have an innate need for, according to humanist psychologists?
Self-actualisation
What approaches do humanists oppose?
Behaviorist + Psychodynamic
What type of experiences do humanists focus on?
Present
What type of influences do humanists suggest we can reject?
Internal and external
What is an example of an external influence which humanists suggest we can reject?
Environment
What is an example of an internal influence which humanists suggest we can reject?
Genetics
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What do humans have an innate need for, according to humanist psychologists? | Self-actualisation |
What approaches do humanists oppose? | Behaviorist + Psychodynamic |
What type of experiences do humanists focus on? | Present |
What type of influences do humanists suggest we can reject? | Internal and external |
What is an example of an external influence which humanists suggest we can reject? | Environment |
What is an example of an internal influence which humanists suggest we can reject? | Genetics |
How is humanism different to other approaches? | It argues that humans do have free will |
What did Maslow develop? | Hierarchy of needs |
Name the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy | Physiological, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualisation |
What do physiological needs include? | Food, water, sleep, breathing |
What do safety needs include? | Employment, shelter (having a home), good health |
What is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy? | Self-actualisation |
What is meant by the ‘perceived self’? | How we view ourselves now |
Where does our ‘perceived self’ come from? | Our own experiences and how significant people view us |
What is meant by the ‘ideal self’? | The person we feel that we should be or the person that we want to be |
What is meant by congruence? | Where there is a match between your perceived self and your ideal self |
If congruence occurs, what does this enable? | Personal growth to achieve goals |
What is a mismatch between the perceived and ideal self known as? | Incongruence |
Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness in adulthood may be the result of ____________ in childhood | Conditions of worth |
What is meant by conditions of worth? | Significant others in our lives place specific conditions on their love which must be met to receive approval |
What 3 types of people can impose a condition of worth? | Parents, significant others, and ourselves |
Name the practical application of humanistic theory | Person Centered Therapy |
What does PCT see the ‘client’ as? | An expert in their own condition |
What is the aim of PCT? | • Increase feelings of self worth • Reduce incongruence • Help to become fully functioning |
What must the therapist show the client in order for the therapy to be successful? | Unconditional positive regard |
Give an example of two disorders that PCT is used to treat | Anxiety and depression |
What does DREAMS stand for? | • Determinism v free will • Reductionism v holism • Evidence • Application (practical) • Methodology • Scientific methods |
AO3: What 4 ways can we evaluate humanism using DREAMS? | • Free will • Holism • Application (practical) • Scientific methods |
What techniques can be used to reduce levels of incongruence? | • Unconditional positive regard • Person Centered Therapy |
Incongruence can lead to … | Low self worth and poorer psychological health |