Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /2023-2025 Year 12 A-Level Psychology Attachment: Stages Of Attachment Part 1
2023-2025 Year 12 A-Level Psychology Attachment: Stages Of Attachment Part 1
This deck covers the key concepts and findings from Schaffer and Emerson's research on the stages of attachment, including the methodology, sample, and the stages of attachment identified.
Who carried out research on stages of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who carried out research on stages of attachment?
Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
What was the aim of Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment?
In investigate the formation of early attachments, the age they develop and who they are directed to
The study by Schaffer and Emerson took place over a long period of time. What is the name for this?
Longitudinal study
What is a longitudinal study?
Research that has been carried out over a long period of time
Why was Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment longitudinal?
Babies and mothers were visited in their own home every month for the first year and then again at 18 months
What was the sample of Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment?
60 working class newborn babies and their mothers from Glasgow
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who carried out research on stages of attachment? | Schaffer and Emerson (1964) |
What was the aim of Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment? | In investigate the formation of early attachments, the age they develop and who they are directed to |
The study by Schaffer and Emerson took place over a long period of time. What is the name for this? | Longitudinal study |
What is a longitudinal study? | Research that has been carried out over a long period of time |
Why was Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment longitudinal? | Babies and mothers were visited in their own home every month for the first year and then again at 18 months |
What was the sample of Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment? | 60 working class newborn babies and their mothers from Glasgow |
How often were the babies and mothers observed? | Every month for the first year and then again at 18 months |
Who was the sample of Schaffer and Emerson’s research into stages of attachment? | 60 working class newborn babies and their mothers from Glasgow |
Where there the working class newborn babies and their mothers from? | Glasgow |
What methods were used to explore the stages of attachment by Schaffer and Emerson? | Observations and Interviews |
AO3: Schaffer and Emerson observed and interviewed the mothers for their research into stages of attachment - why might this data collection method be problematic and why? | Social desirability bias - the mothers may have wanted to paint themselves in a good light and look like good parents. This may mean that they said the child is more distressed upon separation that they actually were. |
How did Schaffer and Emerson measure separation anxiety? | Infant being left alone in a room or researcher asking mother how the infant might react in this situation |
In Schaffer & Emerson’s research infants were left alone in a room or the researcher asked the mother how an infant may react in this situation. What was this measuring? | Separation anxiety |
How did Schaffer and Emerson measure stranger anxiety? | The researcher started the home visit by approaching the infant to see if this distressed the child |
In Schaffer and Emerson’s research, the researcher started the home visit by approaching the infant to see if this caused distress to the child. What was this measuring? | Stranger Anxiety |
What are the 4 stages of attachment Schaffer and Emerson found in their research? HINT: _A_n _I_nfant _S_mells _M_ilk | Asocial (first few weeks); Indiscriminate (2 -7 months); Specific (from around 7 months); Multiple (Around 1 year old) |
Babies behaviour to adults and inanimate objects was similarWhat stage of attachment is this? | Asocial (first few weeks) |
What behaviour is displayed if an infant is in the Asocial stage of attachment? | Babies behaviour to adults and inanimate objects was similar |
What behaviour do infants show in the indiscriminate stage of attachment? | preference to humans over inanimate objects; do not show stranger or separation anxiety |
Babies show a preference to people over inanimate objects but usually do not show stranger or separation anxiety. What stage of attachment is this? | Indiscriminate (2-7 months) |
Babies start to form attachments and show separation and strangers anxiety when separated (particularly to the mother) What stage of attachment is this? | Specific Attachment (from around 7 months) |
What behaviour do infants show when they are in the specific stage of attachment? | 7 months old - form attachments; display separation and stranger anxiety - in 65% of cases to the mother |
Infants form attachments to their father (75% by 18 months) and other caregivers e.g. grandparents. What stage of attachment is this? | Multiple |
What behaviour do infants display in the multiple attachment stage? | Infants form attachments to their fathers (75% by 18 months) and other caregivers e.g. grandparents. |