2.1: Structure of RNA and DNA

Anatomy and Physiology6 CardsCreated 3 months ago

Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. DNA is a stable, double-stranded helix held together by hydrogen bonds, with a sugar-phosphate backbone. Its structure enables it to store genetic information, replicate accurately, and pass traits across generations.

Describe the structure of a nucleotide

  • A pentose sugar (deoxyribose)

  • A phosphate group

  • A nitrogen containing organic base

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Describe the structure of a nucleotide

  • A pentose sugar (deoxyribose)

  • A phosphate group

  • A nitrogen containing organic base

Describe how a dinucleotide is formed

Condensation reactions between two mono nucleotides
Phosphodiester bond forms between the deoxyribose of one mono nucleotide and the phosphate g...

What is the pentose sugar in RNA?

ribose

Describe the structure of DNA

  • Two parallel nucleotide strands help together by hydrogen bonds between the organic bases
    -The two strains twist into a double helix

    ...

Why is DNA a stable molecule?

  • The phosphodiester backbone protects the more chemicaly reactive organic bases inside the double helix
    -Hydrogen bonds link the organic ...

How does the structure of DNA relate to its function?

-Its two separate strands are only joined by hydrogen bonds which allow them to separate during DNA replication
-Large molecule-carries alot of ...

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TermDefinition

Describe the structure of a nucleotide

  • A pentose sugar (deoxyribose)

  • A phosphate group

  • A nitrogen containing organic base

Describe how a dinucleotide is formed

Condensation reactions between two mono nucleotides
Phosphodiester bond forms between the deoxyribose of one mono nucleotide and the phosphate group of another

What is the pentose sugar in RNA?

ribose

Describe the structure of DNA

  • Two parallel nucleotide strands help together by hydrogen bonds between the organic bases
    -The two strains twist into a double helix

Why is DNA a stable molecule?

  • The phosphodiester backbone protects the more chemicaly reactive organic bases inside the double helix
    -Hydrogen bonds link the organic base pairs forming bridges

How does the structure of DNA relate to its function?

-Its two separate strands are only joined by hydrogen bonds which allow them to separate during DNA replication
-Large molecule-carries alot of genetic information
- Base pairing allows DNA to be able to replicate and transfer information in the form of mRNA
-Very stable structure which passes from generation to generation without significant change. Most mutations are repaired