3MB Psychiatry: Mood Disorders
This flashcard set defines common mood-related terms such as anhedonia, anergia, and euthymia, distinguishes between mood and affect, and outlines the observable features associated with a low mood in clinical assessment.
Define “anhedonia”
Loss of enjoyment and pleasure
Key Terms
Define “anhedonia”
Loss of enjoyment and pleasure
Define “anergia”
Lack of energy
What is euthymia?
Normal mood
What is the difference between mood and affect?
Mood: patient’s description of their state (subjective)
Affect: how mood changes to surroundings (objective)
List general features of low mood
Low, miserable, unhappy
Reduced facial expression
Reduced eye contact
Furrowed brows
Limited gesturing and reactivity
List features of speech in low mood
Reduced rate
Low volume
Reduced intonation (monotonous)
Increased latency
Limited content
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define “anhedonia” | Loss of enjoyment and pleasure |
Define “anergia” | Lack of energy |
What is euthymia? | Normal mood |
What is the difference between mood and affect? | Mood: patient’s description of their state (subjective) |
List general features of low mood | Low, miserable, unhappy Reduced facial expression Reduced eye contact Furrowed brows Limited gesturing and reactivity Difficult to establish rapport |
List features of speech in low mood | Reduced rate Low volume Reduced intonation (monotonous) Increased latency Limited content |
List features of thought in low mood | Slow flow, ponderous Negative, pessimism Failure, guilt Delusions Hypochondriasis |
List features of paranoia in low mood | Self-preferential thinking |
Hallucinations in low mood typically make someone depressed. True/False? |
Typically, the hallucinations reflect a person’s depression rather than making them depressed |
What aspect of insight is typically affected in low mood? | Attribution - patients blame experience on their sins, personal failings or weakness |
How long should a depressive episode last to be classified as depression? | 2 weeks |
List criteria for diagnosing depression | 2 of core features - depressed mood - loss of interest/pleasure - decreased energy Some additional features - low confidence - self-reproach, guilt - suicidal thoughts - diminished concentration - sleep disturbance - change in appetite |
Moderate depression involves core features and additional features | Moderate depression involves 2 core features and 4 additional features |
Severe depression involves core features and additional features | Moderate depression involves all core features and 5 additional features |
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar I |
Previous depressive or hypomanic episodes |
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar II | Current or past hypomanic episodes + current or past depressive episodes |
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar III | Hypomania following use of antidepressants |
Which form of bipolar - I, II or III - is most common? | Bipolar II |
Depression changes to bipolar disorder once you have a manic episode. True/False? | True |
How long should an episode last to be classified as hypomania? | 4 consecutive days |
List features of hypomania | Restlessness/increased activity Increased talkativeness Easily distracted Decreased need for sleep Increased sexual energy Recklessness, irresponsibility |
How long should an episode last to be classified as mania? | 1 week |
List distinguishing features (from hypomania) of mania | Racing thoughts Loss of normal social inhibitions Inappropriate behaviour Inflated self-esteem Sexual indiscretion |