What do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration start with?
Key Terms
Glycolysis Describe what happens in phosphorylation
Glucose is phosphorylated using phosphate from a molecule of ATP Creates 1 molecule of glucose phosphate and 1 molecule of ADP ATP is then used to ...
Glycolysis Describe what happens in oxidation
TP is oxidised (loses H) = 2 molecules of pyruvate NAD collects H+ ions = 2 reduced NAD 4 ATP produced, but 2 used up in stage 1 ∴ net gain of 2 AT...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration start with? | Glycolysis |
Where does glycolysis occur? | Happens in cytoplasm |
Is glycolysis are anaerobic or aerobic process? | Anaerobic process |
Name the 2 stages in glycolysis | Phosphorylation Oxidation |
Glycolysis Describe what happens in phosphorylation | Glucose is phosphorylated using phosphate from a molecule of ATP Creates 1 molecule of glucose phosphate and 1 molecule of ADP ATP is then used to add another phosphate = hexose bisphosphate Hexose bisphosphate is splits into 2 molecules of TP |
Glycolysis Describe what happens in oxidation | TP is oxidised (loses H) = 2 molecules of pyruvate NAD collects H+ ions = 2 reduced NAD 4 ATP produced, but 2 used up in stage 1 ∴ net gain of 2 ATP |
What happens to the products of glycolysis in aerobic respiration? | 2 molecules of reduced NAD go to oxidative phosphorylation 2 pyruvate molecules are actively transported into matrix of mitochondria for link reaction |
Anaerobic Respiration Pyruvate is converted into ___ in plants and yeast | Ethanol (Using reduced NAD) |
Anaerobic Respiration Pyruvate is converted into ___ in animal cells and some bacteria | Lactate (Using reduced NAD) |
Illustrate Alcoholic Fermentation (i.e. write equation) | Reduced NAD reduces/donate H ions to pyruvate to ethanol |
Illustrate Lactate Fermentation | |
Name the 4 main stages in aerobic respiration | Glycolysis Link Reaction Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation |
Describe the link reaction | Pyruvate is decarboxylated (1 C is removed in form of CO₂) Pyruvate is oxidised to form acetate & NAD is reduced to form reduced NAD Acetate is combined with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl coenzyme (acetyl CoA) No ATP produced |
2 pyruvate molecules are made for every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis. This means that the ____ _____ and _____ _____ happens _____ for every glucose molecule. | 2 pyruvate molecules are made for every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis. This means that the link reaction and Krebs cycle happens twice for every glucose molecule. |
After Link Reaction For each glucose molecule, state the quantity of each product and where they go | 2 molecules of acetyl CoA go into the Krebs cycle 2 CO₂ molecules are released as waste product 2 molecules of reduced NAD are formed and go to oxidative phosphorylation |
Krebs cycle Involves a series of ________ reactions | oxidation-reduction |
Where does the Krebs cycle takes place? | In matrix of mitochondria |
Krebs cycle happens once for every ______ molecule & goes round 2x for every ______ molecule | Krebs cycle happens once for every pyruvate molecule & goes round 2x for every glucose molecule |
Describe the Krebs cycle | Acetyl CoA combines with 4C to form 6C CoA A goes back to link reaction to be used again 6C → 5C Decarboxylation occurs Dehydrogenation occurs H is used to NAD → reduced NAD 5C → 4C Decarboxylation and dehydrogenation occur, produced 1x reduced FAD & 2x reduced NAD ATP is produced by direct transfer of phosphate group from intermediate compound to ADP Called substrate-level phosphorylation |