A-Level PE AQA Sport and Society: Role of Technology in Physical Activity and Sport

. Free time that can be spent actively or passively
. Fun, enjoyable, informed, winning not important, flexible rules

. Develop self confidence
. Stress reduction occurs
. Develop skills
. Social skills improve
. Enjoyment is gained

. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment

. During leisure time
. More serious/competitive
. Highly structured - set rules
. Specialist equipment
. Strategies and tactics
. High skill levels

. Develop self confidence
. Stress reduction occurs
. Develop skills
. Social skills improve
. Enjoyment is gained

. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment

. Compulsory
. Formally taught lessons
. 4 key stages as part of National Curriculum from ages 5-16
. Begins at primary school ‘foundation level’
. Teachers in charge and deliver lessons
. Lessons are pre-planned; highly structured
. During school time

. Development of health and fitness, positive attitudes, healthy lifestyles
. Provides opportunities for increased participation in a variety of activities
. Developing and improving a range of physical skills and competencies
. Development of social skills
. Develop problem solving skills
. Develop self analysis skills

. Increase in health and fitness leading to less strain on NHS
. More individuals from different social communities interact leading to social integration (different sport cultures)
. Economic benefits when people use facilities or buy equipment
. Recreation and hobbies which keeps people out of trouble

Activities which take place in the natural environment and utilise nature/geographical resources such as mountains, rivers and lakes

. Leadership skills
. Excitement/adrenaline rush
. Appreciation of natural environment
. Decision making
. Social skills/ self esteem

. Awareness of safety perceived risk
. Knowledge of respect for natural environment
. Self discovery/ self esteem
. Leadership skills
. Social/communication skills
. Teamwork

. Resilience
. Confidence
. Motivation
. Communication
. Commitment
. Determination
. High level of fitness
. High skill level
. Goal orientated
. Ability to accept constructive criticism

. Support and encouragement from friends
. Emotional support from family
. Financial support from family
. Equal opportunities
. Role models
. Acceptance of the sport/role in society
. Equality and anti-discriminatory practices
. Local clubs available
. Access to competition
. Socio-economic status

To develop high performance sport in the UK

. Distribute national lottery and exchequer funding - to organisations and NGB’s to maximise performance in Olympic and Paralympic games
. World Class Programme - funding Olympic and Paralympic medal potential
. Athlete Personal Award - direct funding to athletes to remove barriers to performance such as to cover costs of training, accommodation and transport
. Distribute funding to national institutes of sport - eg. the English Institute of Sport (EIS) received a 59.7 million pound grant over 4 years leading to the Rio games
. Personal LIfestyle Advice - mentors and supports athletes on lifestyle choices
. World Class Standards - promoting highest sporting ethics and anti-doping

. Responsible for delivering high class support services - training facilities, medical and nutritional advice, biomechanical, scientific and technological advice
. There are 4 UK sports institutes: - English Institute of Sport, Scottish Institute of Sport, Sports Institute of Northern Ireland and the Welsh Institute for Sport
. All are supported by UK Sport and aim to help elite athletes win medals on the world stage

. ‘The team behind the team’ - Vision: to be the leading provider of performance impacting sports science and medicine in the world
. Owned wholly by UK Sport
. Nationwide network of world class support services aimed at developing the talents of elite athletes
. Offers services to NGB’s in return for payment (6.1 million in 2012)
. EIS practitioners gave nearly 1 million hours to over 1,100 athletes on the road to Rio

. Operated by the EIS - ‘winning more Olympic and Paralympic medals through Performance Lifestyle Support
. Manages a talent identification and development programme through partnership between a dedicated Performance Solutions team, NGB’s and UK Sport
. The identifying and developing talent involves 4 phases: Phase 1 (Talent ID), Phase 2/3 (Talent Suitability), Phase 4 (Talent Confirmation and Olympic/Paralympic development)

The testing of physiological and psychological parameters that help determine the likelihood of sporting success

. Physiological - fitness testing
. Anthropometry - physical characteristics
. Psychological - questionnaires and interviews
. Hereditary factors
. Social factors
. Performance potential

. Discover your talent
. Power2Podium

. Provides a network of centres for elite performer development
. Free of charge to performers/elite performers/financial support/training grants
. Nationally organised
. Regionally/locally delivered
. General facilities for sports science/sports medicine/nutrition
. Fitness training facilities
. Access to coaching advice
. Athlete career education
. Each facility specialises in particular sports
. Distributes funding
. Talent identification programmes

. Ensure equality
. Increase opportunities and participation
. Promote positive role models
. Target under-represented groups
. Invest in facilities
. Identify talent through scouting systems
. Provide coaching awards and pathway
. Provide competition and tournaments
. Provide financial support to athletes
. Ensure a Whole Sport Plan is in place

. 4 year plan
. How they intend to achieve their objectives
. How they nurture young talent
. Plans to increase participation
. The initiatives and how successfully they meet their sport plan determines the funding offer
. In 2006 Sport England invested £64,045,589

. Coordinated approach between NGB's, UK Sport, and National Institutes of Sport
. Screening and testing of most potential performers
. Athletes identified as having specific qualities can be directed into sports

. Girls4Gold
. Pitch2Podium
. Tall and Talented
. Fighting chance
. Paralympic Potential

. Many focus on physiological data that will favour early developers
. Assess current performance that will favour those who have had early opportunities - miss late bloomers
. Limited physiological assessments
. Limited assessment of the ability to learn
. Testing/screening many athletes is expensive
. Does not guarantee success

. Directed by UK Sport and focused on success on the world stage
. The performance pathway offer expert coaching, leadership, support services and financial help
. There are distinct levels of support depending on how close the athlete is to winning medals:

• World Class Podium - next Olympics (max 4 yrs)

• World Class Podium Potential - 4-6yrs from medals

• Performance Foundations/Talent - Talent ID confirmation of performers who have the potential to progress to the next two levels

UK Sport bid and host major national and international events to prepare athletes. Gold events series focuses on:
. Support for high performing British athletes
. Creating high profile sporting opportunities
. Providing economic opportunities for communities

UK Sport will invest 40 million £ to host major sporting events from 2013-23

ADV:
. All potential performers will be screened
. Athletes directed to suitable sports
. Athletes with potential highlighted
. Can produce medallists on world stage
. Coordination between organisations

DISADV:
. May miss late developers
. Expensive
. Large number need to be tested
. Does not guarantee success
. Limited psychological testing
. Limited testing of potential to learn

. Cooperation with NGB's, National Institutes of Sport
. Provide centres of excellence/UKSI/English Institute of Sport
. World Class Performance Pathway
. World Class Podium/World Class Performance - support realistic medal prospects
. World Class development/potential - supports talent performers of the future just below medal prospects

. Someone who participates in sport for the love of it and not for financial gain
. It links to the concept of athleticism involving moral integrity and trying your best

. Developed in the 19th century
. By 'gentleman' of the upper and later middle class - they had enough wealth not to play for money
. They adhered not only to the rules but also a strict ethical code
. Sportsmanship featured heavily - it was better to lose honourably than to win by cheating
. Fair play and immediate acceptance of decisions and rules - encouraged socially accepted behaviours
. Participation in sport was more important than winning - it was character building
. Gentleman amateurs had high status (pros came from lower status) and were known as the 'elite performers'
. Practicing/training was considered as bad as cheating - it meant you valued winning more than taking part
. Pros were thought to have an unfair advantage over those who participated as a hobby

. Shaking hands after a game
. Clapping a batsman in/out in cricket
. Kicking a ball out of play in football to allow for treatment of an injured player
. Fair play awards are handed out