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A-Level PE AQA Sport Psychology: Attribution Theory

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This set focuses on A-Level PE AQA: Sport Psychology – Attribution Theory, explaining how athletes perceive and interpret the causes of their performance outcomes. It introduces Weiner’s classification of attribution in sporting contexts.

What is the attribution theory?

A perception of the reason for an outcome of an event/performace

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What is the attribution theory?

A perception of the reason for an outcome of an event/performace

Who was the attribution theory classified by?

Weiner

What are the 2 sections Weiner classified the attribution theory into?

He classified them into the Locus of Casualty and the Stability Dimension

What are the 2 sub sections of the Locus of Casualty?

Internal attribute
External attribute

What are the 2 sub sections of the Stability Dimension?

Unstable attribute
Stable attribute

What is the Locus of Casualty?

It looks at whether it is in the control of the performer or out of it


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TermDefinition

What is the attribution theory?

A perception of the reason for an outcome of an event/performace

Who was the attribution theory classified by?

Weiner

What are the 2 sections Weiner classified the attribution theory into?

He classified them into the Locus of Casualty and the Stability Dimension

What are the 2 sub sections of the Locus of Casualty?

Internal attribute
External attribute

What are the 2 sub sections of the Stability Dimension?

Unstable attribute
Stable attribute

What is the Locus of Casualty?

It looks at whether it is in the control of the performer or out of it


What does internal attribute mean?

Within the performers control - Effort

What does external attribute mean?

Outside of the performers control - Referee

What is the Stability Dimension?

It looks at whether it is a permanent or changeable reason

What does an unstable attribute mean?

It can change in a short amount of time - Luck


What does a stable attribute mean?

It is unlikely to change in a short amount of time - quality of a team

What factors affect attribution?

. Ref’s decision
. Your ability
. Luck
. Coaching received
. Playing a good team
. The effort applied
. The amount of practice that occurred

What is self serving bias?

Using external and/or unstable reasons for losing

What does the self serving bias allow you to do?

Essentially you are responsible for winning and when you lose it is due to an external reason

What should a coach do for his team when losing?

. Blame the ref or an external reason like the weather as it unstable and external
. Praise effort and reward ability

How can we maintain motivation?

We shouldn’t attribute the loss due to internal and stable reasons. Attribute them to wins as this will promote self-esteem as players feel responsible for the positive result

What is learned helplessness?

Using internal stable reasons for losing

What are some impacts of learned helplessness?

. The performer perceives failure as inevitable
. When doubt in ability affects the player and the confidence is lowered
. Lack of effort and motivation

What are the differences between self serving bias and learned helplessness?

. Self serving bias are internal and stable reasons for winning whereas learned helplessness are internal and stable reasons for losing
. Self serving bias uses unstable and external reasons for losing whereas learned helplessness can be global or specific

What type of attribution is focussed on more?

Positive attribution is focussed on more than negative attribution


What does attribution retraining involve?

It involves the coach or teacher developing and changing an individuals perception of failure, allowing them to deal with it effectively and improve future performances