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A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 2 - Attribution in sport

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These flashcards outline the concept of attributions—the perceived reasons for success or failure in performance. They include examples, highlight how effort-based attributions can boost motivation, and reference Weiner’s (1979) Locus of Causality and Stability model, which explains how different types of attributions influence motivation and behaviour in sport.

What are ATTRIBUTIONS ?

perceived causes of particular outcomes

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are ATTRIBUTIONS ?

perceived causes of particular outcomes

Give an example of attributions

  • bad weather conditions

- high effort level

Which attribution is more likely to increase motivation ?

‘need to put in more EFFORT’


Who designed the model of attribution ?

Weiner (1979)

What is the name of Weiner’s model of attribution ?

Locus of Causality and Stability

What does the locus of causality refer to ?

whether attribution comes from the person (internal) or environment (external)


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TermDefinition

What are ATTRIBUTIONS ?

perceived causes of particular outcomes

Give an example of attributions

  • bad weather conditions

- high effort level

Which attribution is more likely to increase motivation ?

‘need to put in more EFFORT’


Who designed the model of attribution ?

Weiner (1979)

What is the name of Weiner’s model of attribution ?

Locus of Causality and Stability

What does the locus of causality refer to ?

whether attribution comes from the person (internal) or environment (external)


What does locus of causality affect ?

feelings of pride / confidence / shame

What does the locus of stability refer to ?

whether attributions are changeable or unchangeable (stable and unstable)

What does locus of stability affect ?

expectations of future outcomes

INTERNAL : STABLE

ability

INTERNAL : UNSTABLE

effort

EXTERNAL : STABLE

task difficulty

EXTERNAL : UNSTABLE

luck

What is the problems with Weiner’s model ?

NOT SPORT SPECIFIC - hard to apply to sport situations e.g. task difficulty frequently changes in sport

ROBERTS AND PASCUZZI - more attributions needed

What is SELF-SERVING BIAS ?

person’s tendency to attribute their failure to external reasons

What is CONTROLLABILITY ?

  • third dimension to model

  • whether attribution is controllable or not

  • only effort is controllable by the performer

What is LEARNED HELPLESSNESS ?


  • failure is inevitable

  • low achievers = uncontrollable factors

  • high achievers = failure is learning experience

What is SPECIFIC LEARNED HELPLESSNESS ?

failure in particular e.g. ‘I am a hopeless football player’

What is GLOBAL LEARNED HELPLESSNESS ?

failure in groups of situations e.g. ‘I am hopeless at all sport’

What is MASTERY ORIENTATION ?


  • motivated to become an expert

  • attribute failure to controllable factors (effort)

  • acquire new skills

  • don’t compare to others

  • high achievers

What is ATTRIBUTION RETRAINING ?

  • seeking to change learned helplessness into mastery orientation

  • attribution need to reassessed for success in the future

  • athlete should focus on controllable, unstable factors