A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 2 - Sport Psychology Part 2

maintains our arousal levels

anxiety felt during competitive situations

• see book for four major factors

a self-report questionnaire to assess the anxiety felt during a competition

performer concentrating on certain cues that are relevant at that particular time

• aggression is a natural response due to evolution

| - it is an instinct

• frustration will always lead to aggression

| - aggression then leads to catharsis

• aggression is learnt by watching others such as sporting role models

forceful behaviour within the laws of the game

• human aggression is often not spontaneous

• human aggression often learned

• too generalised

• frustration doesn't always lead to aggression

the positive influence of others, who may be watching a competition

the negative influence of others, who may be watching a competition

when a performer feels their performance is being evaluated, their arousal levels increase

• teams win more when home

• home crowd

• known environment

contrast. ..

• performer feels more pressure being home

• type A perform worse with an audience

| - extrovert seek high arousal situation so perform better with an audience

• previous experience can aid performance unless an athlete previously failed in front of a crowd

• elite performers will do better because their dominant response will be correct

• crowd's knowledge may increase evaluation apprehension

• knowing the crowd can increase anxiety

• simple / gross do well with high arousal because they are easy to do

• try to shut out the audience

• mental imagery

• deep breathing

• self talk

• linked to motivation

| - the REASONS / justifications we use for a RESULT in sport

WEINER

• two-dimensional model

| - whether the attribution comes from within (INTERNAL) or the environment (EXTERNAL)

ABILITY

EFFORT

TASK DIFFICULTY

LUCK

a person's tendency to attribute their failure to external reason

'I lost the badminton match because the floor was too slippy' - an excuse to explain their poor performance

whether attributions are under the CONTROL of the PERFORMER or under the control of OTHERS, or whether they are UNCONTROLLABLE

belief that FAILURE is INEVITABLE

occurs in particular situations 'I am a hopeless football player'

occurs in groups of situations 'I am hopeless at all sport'

• motivated by becoming an EXPERT

| - associate failure to internal and unstable factors

• seeking to change LEARNED HELPLESSNESS into MASTERY ORIENTATION

• the BELIEF or degree of CERTAINTY individuals possess about their ABILITY to be SUCCESSFUL in sport

the SELF-CONFIDENCE we have in SPECIFIC SITUATIONS

Badminton - i am good at a doubles serve but not a smash

the feeling of SELF-WORTH that determines how VALUABLE and competent we feel

an existing level of sport confidence

an existing level of competitiveness

the levels of SC-trait and competitive orientation

how someone interprets their performance in sport

• performance accomplishments

• vicarious experiences

• verbal persuasion

• emotional arousal

if success has been experienced in the past, especially if due to controllable factors then confidence is likely to be high

if we watch other peoples success we are more likely to have high self-efficacy

• as long as who we are watching are of similar standard

if we encouraged to try an activity our confidence may increase

if we have effective strategies to control our arousal levels we are more likely to have high self-efficacy