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A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 3 - Emergence and evolution of modern sport

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These flashcards compare Popular Recreation—pre-industrial sports and pastimes of the lower classes characterized by being natural, local, and often cruel—with Rational Recreation, which emerged post-industrialization and featured organized, codified, and respectable activities. They highlight how each type of recreation reflected the social values, class structure, and lifestyle of its time.

What are the characteristics of POPULAR RECREATION ?

Never Love Cruel Overweight CROWS

Natural

Local

Cruel

Occasional

Courtly

Rural

Occupational

Wagering

Simple

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are the characteristics of POPULAR RECREATION ?

Never Love Cruel Overweight CROWS

Natural

Local

Cruel

O...

What are the characteristics of RATIONAL RECREATION ?

Read Carefully Read Fairly Read Everything Until Absolute Perfect Comprehension

Regional

Codification

Respectable

What is POPULAR RECREATION ?

PRE-INDUSTRIAL sports and pastime mainly associated with the LOWER CLASS. Reflects the society, life and time in which i...

PRE INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

2 classes

UPPER CLASS = sophisticated, complex rules, require time and money - real ten...

Where did PEDESTRIANISM stem from ?

occupation of the lower class - footmen - make sure carriages didn’t overturn on the rough track

What is PEDESTRIANISM ?

a form of nineteenth-century competitive walking

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TermDefinition

What are the characteristics of POPULAR RECREATION ?

Never Love Cruel Overweight CROWS

Natural

Local

Cruel

Occasional

Courtly

Rural

Occupational

Wagering

Simple

What are the characteristics of RATIONAL RECREATION ?

Read Carefully Read Fairly Read Everything Until Absolute Perfect Comprehension

Regional

Codification

Respectable

Fair play

Regular

Exclusive

Urban

Amateurism

Purpose built facilities

Control of Gambling

What is POPULAR RECREATION ?

PRE-INDUSTRIAL sports and pastime mainly associated with the LOWER CLASS. Reflects the society, life and time in which it exists.

PRE INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

2 classes

UPPER CLASS = sophisticated, complex rules, require time and money - real tennis, fox hunting

LOWER CLASS = simple, few rules, violent - mob football

BOTH = pedestrianism - lower class = competed, upper class = patrons

Where did PEDESTRIANISM stem from ?

occupation of the lower class - footmen - make sure carriages didn’t overturn on the rough track

What is PEDESTRIANISM ?

a form of nineteenth-century competitive walking

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

  • women participated events

  • shaped by the expected behaviour

  • ‘weaker sex’

  • LC = few rights

What sports event did UC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

archery

What sports event did LC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

smock race

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

  • not many formal laws

- LC = violent sports - bare knuckled fighting

What did the 1829 Metropolitan Police Act create ?

modern police force through the actions of the Home Secretary - Sir Robert Peel

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

UPPER CLASS:

  • more time and money

  • longer lasting events

  • afford equipment / transport / facilities

  • fox hunting

LOWER CLASS

  • long hours labouring land

  • confined to holy days

  • short duration

  • localised

  • throwing contest

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

UPPER CLASS:

  • educated

  • understand rules of complex sports

  • real tennis

LOWER CLASS:

  • uneducated / illiterate

  • mob football

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

UPPER CLASS:

  • horse and cart

  • more opportunities

  • longer lasting

  • facilities

LOWER CLASS:

  • no transport

  • local

  • short

INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

  • stronger divisions

  • middle-class = factory owners

  • middle class went to public schools

INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

  • restricted opportunities for women

  • expected to marry and have children

  • allowed to become teachers (low-paid job)

  • however changed occurred due to war

INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

  • development of laws

  • change in laws = less violence in sport

  • upper class held onto cruel sports

  • laws made by upper class

INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

  • national system of education

  • upper class didnt want middle class to be educated

  • middle class wanted children to work to earn money

  • Education Act 1870 gave rise to national system of education = establishment of elementary schools


INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

  • employers realised benefits of sport

  • saturday half-day introduced

  • large factories would pay for annual excursion

  • end of 20th century working hours = 37-40hrs

INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

  • development of roads / bikes / railways

  • allowed fixtures

  • venues around the country

What was the influence of PUBLIC SCHOOLS ?

  • Thomas Arnold = house system

  • athleticism (physical endeavour and morals)

  • pupils went to university with their rules = melting pot

  • 1845 = rugby rules written down