Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /A-level Biology - 3.1.2 Cells and Cell Structure Part 4
A-level Biology - 3.1.2 Cells and Cell Structure Part 4
This deck covers key concepts in cell fractionation, solution conditions, and cell transport processes, as outlined in A-level Biology. It includes definitions and processes crucial for understanding cell structure and function.
Name the 3 conditions of the solution
Isotonic Ice-cold Buffered
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/15
Key Terms
Term
Definition
Name the 3 conditions of the solution
Isotonic Ice-cold Buffered
Why does the solution have to be isotonic?
Prevents organelles damaging through osmosis
Why does the solution have to be ice-cold?
Reduces activity of enzymes that break down organelles
Why does the solution have to be buffered?
Maintain a constant pH = prevents denature of proteins/enzymes
What happens in stage 2 (filtration) of cell fractionation?
Homogenised cell solution is filtered through gauze to separate any large cell debris or tissue debris from organelles (organelles = much smaller than...
What happens in stage 3 (ultracentrifugation) of cell fractionation?
Cell fragments poured into tube & put into centrifuge - spun at low speed Heaviest organelles (nuclei) at bottom of tube = form thick sediment called ...
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Name the 3 conditions of the solution | Isotonic Ice-cold Buffered |
Why does the solution have to be isotonic? | Prevents organelles damaging through osmosis |
Why does the solution have to be ice-cold? | Reduces activity of enzymes that break down organelles |
Why does the solution have to be buffered? | Maintain a constant pH = prevents denature of proteins/enzymes |
What happens in stage 2 (filtration) of cell fractionation? | Homogenised cell solution is filtered through gauze to separate any large cell debris or tissue debris from organelles (organelles = much smaller than debris) |
What happens in stage 3 (ultracentrifugation) of cell fractionation? | Cell fragments poured into tube & put into centrifuge - spun at low speed Heaviest organelles (nuclei) at bottom of tube = form thick sediment called a pellet Rest of organelles stay suspended in fluid above pellet = called supernatant Supernatant is poured into another tube & spun in centrifuge at higher speed Heaviest organelles (mitochondria) form pellet at bottom Supernatant is spun at higher speed Process is repeated at higher speeds until organelles are separated out |
State the order of the organelles that are separated in ultracentrifugation (from heaviest to lightest) | Nuclei to ribosomes Nuclei, chloroplast, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes |
Golgi vesicles secrete _____ | mucus |
Describe how to prepare a 'temporary mount' of specimen on a slide | Pipette drop of water onto slide Use tweezers to place thin section of your specimen on top of water drop Add drop of stain - iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution Lower cover slip using a mounted needle |
Preparing a 'temporary mount' of specimen on a slide: Why do you add a stain? | ∵ Highlights objects in a cell |
Preparing a 'temporary mount' of specimen on a slide: When adding the cover slip, describe what you should do to avoid getting air bubbles | When adding the cover slip: Stand slip upright on slide, next to water droplet Carefully tilt and lower it so it covers the specimen |
Preparing a 'temporary mount' of specimen on a slide: Why do we try avoid getting air bubbles? | ∵ they obstructs your view of specimen |
Mitochondria are a similar size to _____ | bacteria |
Define Exocytosis | Bulk transport of materials out of a cell from a vesicle |
Define Endocytosis | Bulk transport of materials into a cell by the formation of vesicle from the cell membrane |