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A-level Biology - 3.3.2 Photosynthesis Part 1

Biology20 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This flashcard deck covers fundamental concepts of photosynthesis, including ATP synthesis, enzyme functions, and key definitions related to metabolic pathways.

Describe how ATP is synthesised

ATP is synthesised via condensation reaction between ADP and P¡ (inorganic phosphate) using energy from an energy-releasing reaction
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Describe how ATP is synthesised
ATP is synthesised via condensation reaction between ADP and P¡ (inorganic phosphate) using energy from an energy-releasing reaction
What enzyme catalyses ATP synthesis?
Enzyme ATP synthase
Where is the energy stored in ATP?
Energy is stored as chemical energy in the phosphate bond
What happens when ATP arrives (via diffusion) to a part of cell that needs energy?
ATP is hydrolysed back into ADP and P¡ Chemical energy is released from phosphate bond and used by cell
What enzyme catalyses ATP hydrolysis?
ATP hydrolase
ADP and P¡ are _____
recycled

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TermDefinition
Describe how ATP is synthesised
ATP is synthesised via condensation reaction between ADP and P¡ (inorganic phosphate) using energy from an energy-releasing reaction
What enzyme catalyses ATP synthesis?
Enzyme ATP synthase
Where is the energy stored in ATP?
Energy is stored as chemical energy in the phosphate bond
What happens when ATP arrives (via diffusion) to a part of cell that needs energy?
ATP is hydrolysed back into ADP and P¡ Chemical energy is released from phosphate bond and used by cell
What enzyme catalyses ATP hydrolysis?
ATP hydrolase
ADP and P¡ are _____
recycled

Draw an ATP molecule

Name and explain 6 properties that ATP has that makes it a good energy source
Stores or releases only a small, manageable amount of energy at a time ∴ no energy is wasted as heat It’s a small, soluble molecule ∴ it can be easily transported (Easily) broken down in 1 step = energy can easily released instantaneously It can be quickly re-made Can make other molecules more reactive by transferring one of its phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation) ATP can’t pass out of cell = cell always have immediate supply of energy
Define a metabolic pathway
Series of small reactions controlled by enzymes e.g. respiration and photosynthesis
Define Phosphorylation
Adding phosphate to a molecule e.g. ADP → ATP
Define Photolysis
Splitting (lysis) of a molecule using light (photo) energy
Define Photophosphorylation
Adding phosphate to a molecule using light
Define Photoionisation
When light energy excites electrons in an atom Giving them more energy and causing them to be released Release causes atom to become positively-charged ion
Define Hydrolysis
Splitting (lysis) of a molecule using water (hydro)
Define Decarboxylation
Removal of CO2 from molecule
Define Dehydrogenation
Removal of hydrogen from molecule
Chloroplasts contain _________ _____
Photosynthetic pigments
What are photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene)?
Coloured substances that absorb light energy
Where are pigments found?
Thylakoid membranes = attached to proteins
What is a photosystem?
Protein + pigment