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A-level Biology - 3.3.2 Photosynthesis Part 2

Biology20 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This deck covers key concepts of photosynthesis, focusing on the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, including the roles of photosystems, electron transport chains, and photophosphorylation.

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Name the 2 photosystems used by plants to capture light energy

Photosystem I (PSI) Photosystem II (PSII)
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Name the 2 photosystems used by plants to capture light energy
Photosystem I (PSI) Photosystem II (PSII)
What are carbohydrates that are produced by photosynthesis and not used straight away stored as and where?
As starch grains in the stroma
Where does the the light-dependent reaction occur?
Takes place in thylakoid membranes
Photosystems are linked by _____ ____
electron carriers
What are electron carriers?
Proteins that transfer electrons
Photosystems and electron carriers form an ____ ______ ____
electron transport chain
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A-level Biology - 3.3.2 Photosynthesis Part 2
TermDefinition
Name the 2 photosystems used by plants to capture light energy
Photosystem I (PSI) Photosystem II (PSII)
What are carbohydrates that are produced by photosynthesis and not used straight away stored as and where?
As starch grains in the stroma
Where does the the light-dependent reaction occur?
Takes place in thylakoid membranes
Photosystems are linked by _____ ____
electron carriers
What are electron carriers?
Proteins that transfer electrons
Photosystems and electron carriers form an ____ ______ ____
electron transport chain
What is an electron transport chain?
Chain of proteins through which excited electrons flow
Light-dependent reaction includes 2 types of photophosphorylation. Name them.
Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation Cyclic Photophosphorylation
Name the 4 main stages in the light-dependent reaction (non-cyclic photophosphorylation).
Light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll Photolysis Energy from excited electrons make ATP… … and generates reduced NADP

The Light-dependent Reaction Describe Stage 1

Chlorophyll (PSII) absorbs light Light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll Electrons move to higher energy level High-energy electrons are released from chlorophyll and move down electrons transport chain to PSI

The Light-dependent Reaction Describe Stage 2

Light energy splits water into protons (H+ ions), electrons & oxygen = photolysis Electrons used to replace electrons that passed out of chlorophyll along electron carriers

The Light-dependent Reaction Describe Stage 3

Excited electrons lose energy as they move down electron transport chain Energy lost = used to pump H+ ions into thylakoid space, creating proton gradient Protons can now diffuse back into stroma via enzyme ATP synthase Catalysed by ATP synthase Energy from movement combines ADP and P¡ to form ATP

The Light-dependent Reaction Describe Stage 4

(Light energy is absorbed by PSI which excites electrons to even higher energy level) Electrons + protons (from stroma) are transferred to NADP = combine to reduce NADP to reduced NADP

The Light-dependent Reaction Describes what happen in cyclic photophosphorylation

'Cyclic' ∵ electrons from chlorophyll molecule aren't passed onto NADP But passed back to PSI via electrons carriers ∴ electrons are recycled

What is chemiosmosis/the chemiosmotic theory?
The process of electrons flowing down electrons transport chain & creating a proton gradient across the membrane to drive ATP synthesis
Cyclic photophosphorylation uses only ____
PSI
Cyclic photophosphorylation produces only ____ _______ of _____
small amounts of ATP
Where does the light-independent reaction (aka Calvin cycle) take place?
Takes place in the stroma
___ and ___ required to keep Calvin cycle going
ATP and H+ ions
Name the 3 stages in the light-independent reaction
CO2 + RuBP = 2x of GP ATP + reduced NADP = Reduction of GP → TP RuBP is regenerated