Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP® Psychology History and Approaches Part 1
AP® Psychology History and Approaches Part 1
This deck covers foundational concepts, figures, and debates in the history of psychology, focusing on the development of psychological thought and the nature vs. nurture controversy.
Define: Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define: Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Define behavior as it relates to psychology.
observable actions
__________ are defined as internal experiences, including feelings and thoughts.
Mental processes
Why is psychology a scientific study?
uses empirical data to disprove hypotheses; describes, predicts, and explains behavior and mental processes; systematic collection and observation of ...
An example of the nature vs. nurture controversy is whether intelligence is __________ or derives from __________.
inherited; experience
Define dualism as it relates to psychology.
idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact When you think of Dualism you should think of Descartes, who said “I think therefore I...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: Psychology | Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
Define behavior as it relates to psychology. | observable actions |
__________ are defined as internal experiences, including feelings and thoughts. | Mental processes |
Why is psychology a scientific study? | uses empirical data to disprove hypotheses; describes, predicts, and explains behavior and mental processes; systematic collection and observation of data |
An example of the nature vs. nurture controversy is whether intelligence is __________ or derives from __________. | inherited; experience |
Define dualism as it relates to psychology. | idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact When you think of Dualism you should think of Descartes, who said “I think therefore I am” (Cogito ergo sum). |
What is monism? | the idea that the brain and the mind are the same thing, and that every mental state is reducible to an identical brain state |
Plato and Descartes, believers in dualism, are on the side of __________ in the nature vs. nurture controversy. | nature; Descartes believed knowledge was innate and the pineal gland was considered the mind. |
Which side in the nature vs. nurture controversy are Aristotle and Locke, believers in monism, on? | nurture; Locke’s “tabula rasa” translates to “blank slate” suggesting that knowledge is learned through experience. |
Psychology grew out of which discipline(s) in Ancient Greece? | philosophy, physiology, and biology |
Who is credited with the foundation of scientific psychology? | Wilhelm Wundt, who performed the earliest studies in 1879 in Germany, is considered the father of the discipline of psychology. He created the first lab dedicated to psychological research, and wanted to measure consciousness. |
__________ examines the structure of the mind and basic elements of consciousness. Proponents of this system felt that consciousness should be the data of psychology and the best way to research was by using individuals who were trained in introspection. | Structuralism |
Define: Introspection | Introspection is the process whereby observers look inward and objectively analyze their sensory experience. |
Name the first president of the American Psychological Association (APA). | G. Stanley Hall |
Who was Edward Titchener? | Titchener, a researcher at Cornell University, was one of the earliest structuralists. He felt that psychology should study the structure of consciousness, and that meant studying sensations, images, and affections (emotions). |
__________ was the first woman to receive her Ph.D. in psychology. | Margaret Floy Washburn |
Define functionalism as it relates to psychology. | Functionalism was the school of thought that was a reaction to structuralism. Functionalism studies how the mind adapts to its environment. Functionalism was interested in individual differences, whereas structuralism was interested in groups of people. |
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins? | first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA) |
Name three of the earliest functionalists. | 1. William James 2. James Cattell 3. John Dewey |
How did William James contribute to functionalism? | James published psychology’s first textbook, called The Principles of Psychology, from a functionalist perspective. |