Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP® Psychology Sensation and Perception Part 2
AP® Psychology Sensation and Perception Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in sensation and perception, focusing on visual and auditory processing, theories of color and sound perception, and sensory modalities.
After visual impulses are processed in the thalamus, where do they end up?
Vision is ultimately processed by the occipital lobe.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
After visual impulses are processed in the thalamus, where do they end up?
Vision is ultimately processed by the occipital lobe.
There are five feature detectors in vision, labeled V1 through V5. Who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery?
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
In the context of vision, what does each of the five feature detectors do?
V1. mental image formation and imagination V2. illusory contours V3. location V4. color analysis and pattern recognition V5. motion and direction
What is the trichromatic theory?
It is the theory that the cones in our retinas perceive blue, green, and red, and are activated in combination to create a perception of all the color...
When you look at the sun for a while and then look away, why is there a dark spot in your vision for a period of time?
This is called an afterimage. Afterimages of red are green, and afterimages of blue are yellow and vice-versa. The opponent-process theory states that...
Why would the opponent-process theory help explain color blindness?
The opponent process theory hypothesizes that the retina has its sensory receptors arranged in color pairs, and if a person is missing a specific pair...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
After visual impulses are processed in the thalamus, where do they end up? | Vision is ultimately processed by the occipital lobe. |
There are five feature detectors in vision, labeled V1 through V5. Who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery? | David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel |
In the context of vision, what does each of the five feature detectors do? | V1. mental image formation and imagination V2. illusory contours V3. location V4. color analysis and pattern recognition V5. motion and direction |
What is the trichromatic theory? | It is the theory that the cones in our retinas perceive blue, green, and red, and are activated in combination to create a perception of all the colors in the visual spectrum. |
When you look at the sun for a while and then look away, why is there a dark spot in your vision for a period of time? | This is called an afterimage. Afterimages of red are green, and afterimages of blue are yellow and vice-versa. The opponent-process theory states that when you look at something of one color, you inhibit its color pair, which you see when you look away. |
Why would the opponent-process theory help explain color blindness? | The opponent process theory hypothesizes that the retina has its sensory receptors arranged in color pairs, and if a person is missing a specific pair, he will be unable to perceive either of those colors. |
What characteristics of a sound wave determine what we actually hear? | The amplitude of a soundwave determines the loudness of a sound (decibels). The frequency of a soundwave determines the pitch of a sound (hertz). |
Describe the part of the ear: pinna | The pinna is the flap of skin outside the ear that helps capture and focus sound. |
Describe the part of the ear: eardrum | The eardrum or tympanic membrane concentrates sound energy, vibrating when sound from the ear canal hits it. |
Describe the part of the ear: ossicles | Ossicles are three tiny bones in the middle ear that connect the eardrum to the oval window. 1. hammer (malleus) 2. anvil (incus) 3. stirrup (stapes) |
Describe the part of the ear: oval window | The oval window compresses the fluid in the cochlea and connects the middle ear to the inner ear. |
Describe the part of the ear: cochlea | The fluid-filled cochlea is small and coiled, like a snail's shell, and converts vibrational activity into neural energy. |
Describe the part of the ear: organ of Corti | The organ of Corti is the part within the cochlea that actually converts soundwaves into neural energy. The hair cells attached to the basilar membrane on the cochlea move in response to compression of fluid, which causes transduction in the organ of Corti, sending neural information to the brain. |
What is place theory? | Place theory believes that pitch processing is activated spatially on receptors in the cochlea, the same way that a piano's notes are arranged spatially. A higher pitch would move a hair cell on a certain part of the cochlea that a lower pitch would not. |
What is frequency theory? | Frequency theory (or volley theory) says that we hear different pitches because of the frequency at which the hair cells in the cochlea fire. |
When you go to a loud concert and stand by the speakers, what kind of deafness are you causing for yourself? | nerve deafness; Loud noises damage the hair cells on the cochlea, preventing them from firing for any sounds at all, so no neural impulses reach the brain. |
What kind of deafness is caused when one of the mechanisms used to move sound from the outer ear to the cochlea is damaged? | conduction deafness |
What sensory modality responds to pressure or temperature? | touch |
If you stub your toe, then fall down and break your wrist, which one will you feel more, and what theory predicts this? | You will feel your broken wrist more than your stubbed toe, which is predicted by gate-control theory. This theory hypothesizes that pain messages are prioritized and the high-priority messages will be delivered first, while the low-priority messages will be shut out, like a swinging gate. Pain killers also help close the gate, as will natural endorphins in the brain. |
What are papillae? | Papillae are the bumps on your tongue that hold taste buds. |