Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /AP® Psychology Sensation and Perception Part 4
AP® Psychology Sensation and Perception Part 4
This deck covers key concepts in sensation and perception, focusing on depth perception experiments, binocular and mononocular cues, and how they help us perceive distance and depth.
Eleanor Gibson terrified babies by pioneering what experiment? What does this experiment measure?
Gibson pioneered the visual cliff experiment, which measures depth perception in babies. A baby is placed on one end of a table and tries to cross to the other side. However, the middle of the table appears hollow, like a cliff, and babies who refuse to cross the cliff can perceive depth.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Eleanor Gibson terrified babies by pioneering what experiment? What does this experiment measure?
Gibson pioneered the visual cliff experiment, which measures depth perception in babies. A baby is placed on one end of a table and tries to cross to ...
__________ are used to perceive depth, and require use of both eyes, while __________ only require use of one eye.
Binocular cues; mononocular cues
What are examples of mononocular cues?
• linear perspective • relative size cues • interposition cues • texture gradient • shadowing
Describe: linear perspective
Like in art class, linear perspective uses a point on the canvas for two lines to come together, representing distance.
Describe: relative size cues
To represent distance, objects in photos or drawings tend to be larger the closer they are to the foreground. If something is in the distance, it is u...
Describe: interposition cues
Interposition cues signal to a viewer that an object obscuring the view of another object is closer to the viewer.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Eleanor Gibson terrified babies by pioneering what experiment? What does this experiment measure? | Gibson pioneered the visual cliff experiment, which measures depth perception in babies. A baby is placed on one end of a table and tries to cross to the other side. However, the middle of the table appears hollow, like a cliff, and babies who refuse to cross the cliff can perceive depth. |
__________ are used to perceive depth, and require use of both eyes, while __________ only require use of one eye. | Binocular cues; mononocular cues |
What are examples of mononocular cues? | • linear perspective • relative size cues • interposition cues • texture gradient • shadowing |
Describe: linear perspective | Like in art class, linear perspective uses a point on the canvas for two lines to come together, representing distance. |
Describe: relative size cues | To represent distance, objects in photos or drawings tend to be larger the closer they are to the foreground. If something is in the distance, it is usually represented as being quite small. |
Describe: interposition cues | Interposition cues signal to a viewer that an object obscuring the view of another object is closer to the viewer. |
Describe: texture gradient | Things in the distance are difficult to see clearly, and things close-up are more detailed, so fuzzy textures signal that an object or landscape is in the distance. |
Describe: shadowing | Shadowing uses light and darkness to signal to the viewer the location of objects. |
What are two binocular cues to help us perceive depth? | 1. binocular disparity (or retinal disparity) 2. convergence |
Why does binocular disparity tell us how far away an object is? | Our eyes are positioned apart from one another, so when one eye perceives something different about an object from the other eye, it tells us that the object must be close. If the object were far away, both eyes would perceive roughly the same thing. |
How does convergence signal how far away an object is? | The muscles that control the eyes send signals to the brain as they move, and the more the eye muscles converge (turn inward together), the closer an object must be. |