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AQA Psychology - Research Methods - Sampling

Psychology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

A population is the large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying. It represents all the individuals who share certain characteristics relevant to the research question.

What is a population?

Large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What is a population?

Large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying

What is a sample?

The participants taking part in the experiment

What should a sample be?

Generalisable

What do we mean by generalisable sample?

Sample should be drawn to representative of the population

What are the 5 types of sampling techniques?

  • Opportunity sample

  • Volunteer sample

  • Random sample

  • Systematic sample

  • Stratified ...

What is opportunity sample?

-People who are most available

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TermDefinition

What is a population?

Large group of people that a researcher is interested in studying

What is a sample?

The participants taking part in the experiment

What should a sample be?

Generalisable

What do we mean by generalisable sample?

Sample should be drawn to representative of the population

What are the 5 types of sampling techniques?

  • Opportunity sample

  • Volunteer sample

  • Random sample

  • Systematic sample

  • Stratified sample

What is opportunity sample?

-People who are most available

How to carry out an opportunity sample?

Ask people nearby

Strengths of opportunity sample:

Convenient and quick

Limitations of opportunity sample:

Biased = unrepresentative of target population

What is volunteer sample?

Participants select themselves

How to carry out a volunteer sample?

Advertisement to get the participants to volunteer

Strengths of volunteer sample:

-Willing participants = more likely to engage

Limitations of volunteer sample:

Biased sample = participants share similar traits (e.g keen, curious)
Cannot generalise to population

What is a random sample?

Everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being chosen

How to carry out a random sample?

  • Lottery method

- Individuals of target population given number, randomly select i.e by random number generator

Strengths of a random sample:

Unbiased = researcher has no influence over who is selected

Limitations of a random sample:

Representation of population is not guaranteed

What is a systematic sample?

Participants selected using a set pattern (sampling frame)

How to carry out a systematic sample?

Every nth person is selected from a list of the target population

Strengths of systematic sample:

Unbiased = objective

Limitations of systematic sample:

Time and effort to make a complete list of population

What is stratified sample?

Participants selected by their frequency in the target population

How to carry out a stratified sample?

Strata are identified, relative percentage of strata represented in sample

Strengths of stratified sample:

-Representative

Weakness of stratified sample:

Stratification not perfect = complete representation is not possible