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AQA Psychology - Research Methods - Types of Experiment

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Laboratory Experiment – conducted in a controlled setting; high control over variables. Field Experiment – carried out in a natural environment; IV is still manipulated.

What are four types of experiments?

  • Laboratory

  • Field

  • Natural

  • Quasi

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are four types of experiments?

  • Laboratory

  • Field

  • Natural

  • Quasi

What is a laboratory experiment?

  • Controlled environment

  • Extraneous and confounding variable regulated

  • Participants go to researchers

  • <...

What do experiments allow us to do?

-Study causation (cause and effect)

What are the 3 key features of a true experiment?

  • Manipulation of an independent variable (IV)

  • Randomisation of participants to conditions

  • Control of extraneou...

Strengths of Laboratory Experiment:

Extraneous/confounding variables controlled = high internal validity
-Easily replicated = standardised

Limitations of Laboratory Experiment:

  • Lack generalisabilty = artificial setting

  • Low external validity (ecological validity + mundane realism)

  • Deman...

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TermDefinition

What are four types of experiments?

  • Laboratory

  • Field

  • Natural

  • Quasi

What is a laboratory experiment?

  • Controlled environment

  • Extraneous and confounding variable regulated

  • Participants go to researchers

  • IV manipulated

  • DV recorded

What do experiments allow us to do?

-Study causation (cause and effect)

What are the 3 key features of a true experiment?

  • Manipulation of an independent variable (IV)

  • Randomisation of participants to conditions

  • Control of extraneous variables

Strengths of Laboratory Experiment:

Extraneous/confounding variables controlled = high internal validity
-Easily replicated = standardised

Limitations of Laboratory Experiment:

  • Lack generalisabilty = artificial setting

  • Low external validity (ecological validity + mundane realism)

  • Demand characteristics

  • Investigator effect

What is a field experiment?

  • Natural environment

  • Research goes to participant

  • IV manipulated

  • DV recorded

Strengths of Field Experiment:

  • More natural environment = high ecological validity

  • Reduced demand characteristics

  • Causation

Limitations of Field Experiment:

  • Less control of extraneous variables = difficult to repeat

  • Ethical concerns = informed consent

  • More time consuming

What is a natural experiment?

  • No manipulation of IV

- DV may be naturally occurring or measured by experimenter

Strengths of Natural Experiment:

  • Only ethical option

- High ecological validity

Limitations of Natural Experiment:

  • Confounding variable = participants already in conditions

  • NOT randomly allocated

  • Difficult to replicate (may be one-off)

What is a quasi experiment?

  • Pre-existing difference people

- Naturally or measured DV

Strengths of a Quasi-Experiment:

  • High control = increase confidence of causation

  • Comparison between different types of people

  • Useful where it would be unethical to manipulate IV

Limitations of a Quasi-Experiment:

  • Not randomly allocated = participant variables

  • Difficult to replicate

  • Causal relationship not demonstrated