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Army Board - CBRN Part 4
This deck covers key questions and answers related to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense, focusing on tactics, detection, protection, and procedures.
What are the most effective times to use chemical agents?
Evening and early morning because of the lack of wind and the sun allows the agents to persist
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are the most effective times to use chemical agents?
Evening and early morning because of the lack of wind and the sun allows the agents to persist
How may chemical agents be deployed?
Arterial spray
Artillery bombs
Individuals (pollution of water, food, supplies)
Mines
Rockets
What is the color of the chemical contamination marker?
Yellow with GAS in red letters
What are the 4 types of chemical agents?
Nerve
Blister
Blood
Choking
Which causes the most casualties of the 3 agents: nerve, blood, or blister?
Nerve agents
What is the best defense against enemy use of chemical and biological (CB) weapons?
Contamination avoidance
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the most effective times to use chemical agents? | Evening and early morning because of the lack of wind and the sun allows the agents to persist |
How may chemical agents be deployed? | Arterial spray
Artillery bombs
Individuals (pollution of water, food, supplies)
Mines
Rockets |
What is the color of the chemical contamination marker? | Yellow with GAS in red letters |
What are the 4 types of chemical agents? | Nerve
Blister
Blood
Choking |
Which causes the most casualties of the 3 agents: nerve, blood, or blister? | Nerve agents |
What is the best defense against enemy use of chemical and biological (CB) weapons? | Contamination avoidance |
What are the 4 steps to contamination avoidance? | 1) implement passive defensive measures
2) warn and report CB attacks
3) locate, identify, track and predict CB hazards
4) limit exposure to CB hazards |
What is M8 paper used to detect? | Nerve agents G and V
Blister agent H |
What is M9 paper used to detect? | Provides nonspecific detection for nerve and blister agents |
How is M9 paper worn? | Opposite sides of the body (ex. Left leg, right wrist, left arm) |
What chemical agent detector kit will you use to detect chemical agents? | M256 series (M256A1) |
What piece of TA-50 can be used as overhead cover during a chemical or biological attack from the air? | The poncho |
When conducting unmasking procedures with the use of a M256 detector kit, how long do you have the initial one or two soldiers unmask? | 5 minutes |
What is the difference between the direct monitoring technique and the indirect monitoring technique in radiation monitoring? | Indirect is taken inside of a shelter
Direct is taken outside of a sheltered area |
How may biological and chemical agents be delivered in an attack? | Artillery shells with less powerful explosives than HE rounds
Aerial bombs, bomblets or rockets that pop rather than explode
Mist or fog sprayed by aircraft mortars |
What is a vector? | An insect used to disseminate biological agents (fleas, ticks, lice, mosquitos) |
What is the dose-rate range of the IM 174-series radiacmeter? | 1-500 centigray (cGy) per hour |
When positioning the M8 chemical agent alarm, what is the maximum distance from the unit and how far apart are the detectors spaced? | Maximum of 150 meters out
No more than 300 meters apart |
What is the next step after using the M256 or M256A1 chemical agent detector kit in a NBC environment? | Report results to your supervisor |
What actions should a supervisor take before crossing a chemically contaminated area? | Select the shortest possible route
Ensure all vehicle operators close all doors, windows, etc
Assume MOPP4 and have soldiers attach M9 chemical paper to clothing and equipment |
Can M258 packet #2 be used by itself? | No. Both packets must be used in their respective order to effectively decontaminate the skin |
On standardized alarm signals subject to NBC - what does a 3-5 minute wavering tone on sirens or other device indicate? | Attack is imminent, in progress, or the arrival of nuclear fallout is imminent |
On standardized alarm signals subject to NBC - what does 3-5 minutes of short blasts from horns, whistles, or other devices indicate? | Attack is imminent, in progress, or the arrival of nuclear fallout is imminent (same as wavering) |
On standardized alarms signals for OCONUS bases and stations subject to NBC - what does it mean when a soldier hears: alarm 'black' or a siren (steady tone) or sees: black flag? | The attack is over and NBC contamination under/or UXO hazards are suspected or present |
On standardized alarm signals for OCONUS bases and stations subject to NBC - what does it mean when a soldier hears: alarm 'yellow' or sees: yellow flag? | Attack is probable in less than 30 minutes
don MOPP2 or as directed
protect and cover assets
go to protective shelters or seek the best protective with overhead cover |
How much more radiation protection does each layer of sand/clay-filled sandbags provide than the same thickness of soil/soil-filled sandbags? | Up to 66% |
Why is it that the smaller opening of a one person fighting position reduces gamma radiation '2-4 times' below the amount that a two person foxhole allows to enter? | Most of the gamma radiation in the bottom of a fighting position enters through the opening |
What is an important aspect of NBC defense; although it does not replace MOPP gear, but it allows the commander to reduce MOPP levels while in a contaminated environment? | Collective Protection (COLPRO) |
What is COLPRO? (Collective protection) | Facilities or systems equipped with air filtration devices and air locks to provide personnel with a toxic-free environment for performing critical work and obtaining rest and relief in order to sustain combat operations |
What are 4 primary areas that erode quickly in an NBC environment that COLPRO supports? | 1) task performance
2) medical care
3) personnel rest/relief
4) sustained operations |
What are the tactical considerations taken if CB weapons are used? | Enemy: their plans and how and where they are likely to use CB weapons
Terrain (hills disrupt contamination)
Mission
Troops (physical condition level)
Time (tasks may take longer in a CB environment)
Training (well trained survive and fight better on a contaminated battlefield) |
What FM covers multiservice tactics, techniques and procedures for nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection? | FM 3-11.4 |