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Behavioral Neuroscience Module 3.3 Research Methods

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This deck covers key research methods in behavioral neuroscience, including various brain imaging techniques and methods for manipulating brain activity.

Lesion

Damage to a structure
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Lesion
Damage to a structure
Ablation
Removal of a brain area, generally with a surgical knife
Stereotaxic instrument
A device for the precise placement of electrodes in the brain
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
The application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, temporarily inactivating neurons below the magnet
Optogenetics Early 2000s, Karl Deisseroth
Method of controlling a neurons activity by implanting a light-sensitive protein in the cell and then shining light onto it; Uses light to control pop...
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
A device that records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes attached to the scalp

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TermDefinition
Lesion
Damage to a structure
Ablation
Removal of a brain area, generally with a surgical knife
Stereotaxic instrument
A device for the precise placement of electrodes in the brain
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
The application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp, temporarily inactivating neurons below the magnet
Optogenetics Early 2000s, Karl Deisseroth
Method of controlling a neurons activity by implanting a light-sensitive protein in the cell and then shining light onto it; Uses light to control populations of neurons; Allows control over excitation and inhibition of cells
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
A device that records electrical activity of the brain through electrodes attached to the scalp
Evoked potentials or evoked responses
Electrical recordings on the scalp from brain activity in response to a stimulus; helpful when studying infants because they can’t give verbal responses
Magnetoencephalograph (MEG)
A device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals; Donut looking machine
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
A modified version of MRI that measures energies based on hemoglobin instead of water; Determines the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and using the most oxygen
Phrenology Franz Gall, 1800s
A process of relating skull anatomy to behavior Invalid!!!!
Computerized axial tomography CT or CAT scan
Method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and placing a person’s head into a CT scanner; X-Rays are passed through the head and recorded by detectors on the opposite side; Can help detect tumors and other structural abnormalities
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and a radio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release