Behavioral Neuroscience Study Guide Chapter 11
This set reviews the James-Lange theory of emotion and the condition known as pure autonomic failure. It focuses on how disrupted autonomic nervous system output affects emotional experience, highlighting the role of bodily feedback in emotional intensity.
James-Lange
Pure autonomic failure
Output from a…….. n…… s….. To body fails
people with this condition report feeling….?
Suggests that other factors are involved in the perception of emotion
Autonomic nervous system
Report feeling same emotions, but less intensely
Key Terms
James-Lange
Pure autonomic failure
Output from a…….. n…… s….. To body fails
people with this condition report feeling….?
Suggests that other factors are involved in the perception of emotion
Autonomic nervous system
Report feeling same emotions, but less intensely
Emotion-components
1) c……..
2) a…..
3) f……
1) cognition
2) action
3) feeling
All aspects don’t have to occur together!
James-Lange theory..
Frightening situation—run away—fear
suggests that autonomic arousal and skeletal action occurs first in an e……
the emotion felt is the label we give the arousal of the organs and muscles
The theory leads to two predictions:
1) people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel (more or less?) emotion
2) (increasing or decreasing?) ones response should enhance an emotion (experience)
Emotion
1) less
2) increasing
According to the James Lang theory…
-emotional feelings result from the body’s actions
-panic attack= intense sympathetic nervous system arousal
Only if perceived as occurring spontaneously
The perceptions of the body’s actions do contribute to emotional feeling, however the body’s actions are….?
Not required
Emotion is usually considered a coherent “…..”
Whole
Behavioral activation system
Characterized by activation of the (left or right?) heliosphere, especially the frontal and temporal lobes
marked by low to moderate arousal and tendency to approach
can characterize happiness or anger
Left
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
James-Lange Pure autonomic failure
Suggests that other factors are involved in the perception of emotion | Autonomic nervous system Report feeling same emotions, but less intensely |
Emotion-components 1) c…….. |
All aspects don’t have to occur together! |
James-Lange theory.. Frightening situation—run away—fear
The theory leads to two predictions: 1) people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel (more or less?) emotion | Emotion 1) less |
According to the James Lang theory… -emotional feelings result from the body’s actions -panic attack= intense sympathetic nervous system arousal The perceptions of the body’s actions do contribute to emotional feeling, however the body’s actions are….? | Not required |
Emotion is usually considered a coherent “…..” | Whole |
Behavioral activation system Characterized by activation of the (left or right?) heliosphere, especially the frontal and temporal lobes
| Left |
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) Associated with increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobe of the (right or left?) hemisphere
| Right |
Damage to parts of the prefrontal cortex blunts emotions
|
|
Aggressive behaviors depend on ratio of t……….. To c……. | Testosterone to cortisol Cortisol inhibits violent impulses |
Attack and escape behaviors and corresponding emotions (anger and fear) Attack behaviors! | Individual |
Serotonin synapses and aggressive behavior Impulsiveness and aggressive behavior have been linked to low s…….. release Serotonin turnover:
| Low serotonin release |
Serotonin turnover… Experiment with mice Monkeys Humans Relationship between serotonin and aggression is small | Lowered |
Fear and anxiety! Role of the amygdala…? -important for enhancing the s…… Reflex | Startle reflex -extremely fast response to unpredicted loud noises |
Startle reflex Noise stimulates an area of pons that commands tension of neck. Info. Reaches pons within 3 to 8 milliseconds Is more vigorous if already tense Can be used as a behavioral measure of a…… Startle response occurs within two-tenths of a second | Anxiety |
Response of the human amygdala to visual stimuli fMRI studies show the amygdala responds strongly to photos that arouse fear or photos of faces showing fear -response is stronger when the meaning is (unclear/clear?) and requires some processing Responds more strongly to an angry face directed toward the viewer and frightened faces directed elsewhere | Unclear |
Peoples tendency toward anxiety does or doesn’t remain fairly consistent overtime | Does! |
People with genes for reduced serotonin uptake have increased responses to t…. | Threat |
Soldiers with initial high levels of amygdala responses showed more or less combat stress? | More |
Anxiety depends on more than just the amygdala True or false? | True! Reappraisal as coping mechanism |
Damage to the human amygdala Damage does not result in loss of e…… Effects of damage:
| Emotion |
Anxiety disorders! Panic disorder:
| Women! |
PTSD
| Traumatic events May predispose people to ptsd |
Benzodiazepines is the most commonly used…? -bind to the G… Receptor and facilitate the effects of G… Exert their effects in the amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, and other areas | Anti-anxiety drug GABA |
General adaptation syndrome A…. R……… E……… | Alarm Resistance Exhaustion |