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BIO 1B Lab 2: Darwinian Snails - Part 2

Biology24 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to transcription, translation, mutations, genetic recombination, and natural selection as explored in the Darwinian Snails lab.

What happens in transcription?

RNA polymerase makes a copy of template DNA(mRNA) starting at the promoter region and ending at a stop codon
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What happens in transcription?
RNA polymerase makes a copy of template DNA(mRNA) starting at the promoter region and ending at a stop codon
What happens during translation?
Ribosome translates mRNA into amino acid sequence
Proteins that bind to a regulatory regions of DNA, and can turn all bound sequences on or off simultaneously are called?
Transcription factors
__________ bind to the surface of a cell, trigger a cascade that ultimately affects gene expression
Hormones
What does alternative splicing mean?
Different subsets of exons combines to produce different proteins
Any change in an organism's genomic sequence is called?
Mutation

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TermDefinition
What happens in transcription?
RNA polymerase makes a copy of template DNA(mRNA) starting at the promoter region and ending at a stop codon
What happens during translation?
Ribosome translates mRNA into amino acid sequence
Proteins that bind to a regulatory regions of DNA, and can turn all bound sequences on or off simultaneously are called?
Transcription factors
__________ bind to the surface of a cell, trigger a cascade that ultimately affects gene expression
Hormones
What does alternative splicing mean?
Different subsets of exons combines to produce different proteins
Any change in an organism's genomic sequence is called?
Mutation
Mutations are __________ with respect to the environment.
Random
What are the 6 types of mutations?
Point mutation, insertion, deletion, inversion, chromosome fusion, genome duplication
Is it possible for the whole genome to be replicated in humans?
Very rare, but if did happen, the individual would die.
The change in amino acids sequence of proteins is called?
Coding region
The change in binding of a transcription factor alters timing, level, or location of expression is called?
Cis-regulatory
Where do mutations that alter where, when, or how much of hormone signal is produced?
Physiological pathway
Germline mutations happen during _______.
Meiosis
Somatic mutations happen during ______.
Mitosis
What is the exchange of genetic material between paired chromosomes during meiosis?
Genetic recombination
The different members of homologous chromosome pairs end up in different gametes resulting in novel combinations of alleles is called?
Independent assortment
Why should both independent assortment and recombination improve the efficiency of evolution by natural selection?
It can happen a lot faster when there is independent assortment. Because the more variation the better
The genetic make up of an individual is called?
Genotype
The observable and characteristic of an organism is called?
Phenotype
Does natural selection act on genotypes or phenotypes?
Phenotypes
The simulataneous occurence of two discrete phenotypes is called?
Genetic polymorphism
The measureable phenotype that varies among individuals over a given range to produce a continuous distribution of phenotypes is called?
Quantitative traits
Most traits are influenced by both ______ and ___________ effects
Genetic, environmental

You are studying snails and find that individuals have shells that either coil to the right or the left. Which of the following is/ are the most plausible explanation for this variation?

Different alleles at a single locus produce the different phenotypes.
Individuals are genetically identical but certain environ-mental conditions trigger the production of each coil type
This is a quantitative trait meaning that many loci con-tribute to the phenotypic dif-ferences
A and B are correct
All are correct

D