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BIOL1020 - Lecture 19 - Linkage, recombination and mapping

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This deck covers key concepts from BIOL1020 Lecture 19, focusing on genetic linkage, recombination, and mapping. It includes definitions, processes, and calculations related to genetic analysis.

what are genetic maps?

genetic mapping is a part of genetic analysis used to determine the location and relative order of genes on a chromosome, it relies on two important concepts in genetic analysis: genetic linkage and genetic recombination
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
what are genetic maps?
genetic mapping is a part of genetic analysis used to determine the location and relative order of genes on a chromosome, it relies on two important c...
what happens in recombination?
if recombination happens, 4 gametes are produced. 2 are identical to the parental chromosomes and 2 are recombinants. recombinants are less frequent t...
who developed the theory of chromosomal inheritance?
Thomas hunt Morgan using drosophila.
describe and explain drosophila genetic
Traditionally used mutagenesis, mutate gene, see what happens test crosses for linkage were used
what is the expected ratio of offspring if independently assorting?
4 unique gametes > 4 unique types of offspring
what happens in a test cross if complete linkage?
2 unique gametes from F1 2 types of offspring identical to the parents

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TermDefinition
what are genetic maps?
genetic mapping is a part of genetic analysis used to determine the location and relative order of genes on a chromosome, it relies on two important concepts in genetic analysis: genetic linkage and genetic recombination
what happens in recombination?
if recombination happens, 4 gametes are produced. 2 are identical to the parental chromosomes and 2 are recombinants. recombinants are less frequent than parental types.
who developed the theory of chromosomal inheritance?
Thomas hunt Morgan using drosophila.
describe and explain drosophila genetic
Traditionally used mutagenesis, mutate gene, see what happens test crosses for linkage were used
what is the expected ratio of offspring if independently assorting?
4 unique gametes > 4 unique types of offspring
what happens in a test cross if complete linkage?
2 unique gametes from F1 2 types of offspring identical to the parents
what is the expected ratio of offspring in a test cross if incomplete linkage?
parental phenotypes are more common than the recombinants.
what happens in linkage in autosomes?
genes on the same chromosome tend to co-segregate linkage breaks the law of independent assortment linkage is rarely complete. because of the exchange of segments during cross over.
explain the fundamentals of gene mapping
genes along a chromosome are “linked” - referred to as linkage group recombination breaks the original linkage of alleles - parental genotype (the original configuration) - recombinant phenotype (the new configuration) recombination is proportional to distance - tightly linked genes (more linkage) = less recombination - weakly linked genes (less linkage) = more recombination - unlinked genes (no linkage) = recombinant frequency = parental frequency, independent assortment.
how do you calculate the recombination frequency?
no. recombinants/ total offspring
how do you calculate the distance between genes?
% recombination = no. map units (centiMorgan or cM)
what is the maximum apparent recombination frequency?
50% > this is the same as independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes.