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BIOL1020 - Lecture 20 - Evolution, Adaptation, And Natural Selection

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This deck covers key concepts from Lecture 20 on evolution, adaptation, and natural selection, including definitions, mechanisms, and principles of evolutionary change.

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what is the definition of evolution?

the change over time in allele frequencies, the genetic makeup, in a population of organisms and is the foundation of modern biology, genetics, and ecology.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
what is the definition of evolution?
the change over time in allele frequencies, the genetic makeup, in a population of organisms and is the foundation of modern biology, genetics, and ec...
what did Charles darwin observe?
> descent with modification and identified natural selection as the mechanism
what is one of the major mechanisms behind evolutionary change?
Natural selection
Why was the Darwin/Wallace theory revolutionary?
> overturned the idea that species are ‘immutable’ it emphasised the importance of variations among organisms within the same species and variations a...
what are the four points needed for selection to occur?
> variation within populations heritability of at least some of this variation Excess offspring per generation non-random survival and reproduction
what are some other comments on selection?
> selection is more efficient in large populations natural selection acts on phenotypes selection moves a population towards optimal solutions, but th...
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BIOL1020 - Lecture 20 - Evolution, Adaptation, And Natural Selection
TermDefinition
what is the definition of evolution?
the change over time in allele frequencies, the genetic makeup, in a population of organisms and is the foundation of modern biology, genetics, and ecology.
what did Charles darwin observe?
> descent with modification and identified natural selection as the mechanism
what is one of the major mechanisms behind evolutionary change?
Natural selection
Why was the Darwin/Wallace theory revolutionary?
> overturned the idea that species are ‘immutable’ it emphasised the importance of variations among organisms within the same species and variations among populations it allowed scientists to make testable predictions to evaluate through observation and experimentation, a key feature of any scientific idea.
what are the four points needed for selection to occur?
> variation within populations heritability of at least some of this variation Excess offspring per generation non-random survival and reproduction
what are some other comments on selection?
> selection is more efficient in large populations natural selection acts on phenotypes selection moves a population towards optimal solutions, but that optimality depends on context (place and time) evolutionary change due to selection can be rapid most natural populations have extensive genetic variation that can be selected to produce a diversity of phenotypes
What is Ns?
N = population size s = selection coefficient (-1,1)
what are the different types of selection
> directional selection disruptive selection stabilising selection
what does the response time of the selection depend on?
> strength of selection population size generation time
What are the key concept from this lecture?
> populations evolve; individuals do not > genetics underlines the mechanisms of evolution > natural selection requires - variability - heritability - excess offspring - non-random survival/reproduction