Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /BIOL1020 - Lecture 22 - Case Studies in Genetics

BIOL1020 - Lecture 22 - Case Studies in Genetics

Biology12 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from a lecture on genetics, focusing on evolution's impact on medicine, agriculture, and conservation.

what are the four processes that lead to evolution/

mutation genetic drift gene flow natural selection
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/12

Key Terms

Term
Definition
what are the four processes that lead to evolution/
mutation genetic drift gene flow natural selection
how is evolution relevant to medicine?
> human genotypes are the result of evolution, including genetic diseases pathogens evolve, sometimes very quickly human susceptibility to pathogens o...
What is an example of a genetic disease?
> huntingtons disease
Why is the prevalence of Huntingtons disease greater in tasmania than in NSW?
because there is a smaller population in Tasmania, so less gene flow and genetic drift.
What is another example of evolution being important in medicine?
> in antibiotic resistance “staph” bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infection in humans 1943 - penicillin used to treat staph infect...
What are some examples of human pathogen susceptibility and genetics?
> malaria and sickle cell anemia and HIV Quick evolution in HIV Some humans have immunity to HIV homozygous delta32-CCR5 means that HIV can’t bind and...

Related Flashcard Decks

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
TermDefinition
what are the four processes that lead to evolution/
mutation genetic drift gene flow natural selection
how is evolution relevant to medicine?
> human genotypes are the result of evolution, including genetic diseases pathogens evolve, sometimes very quickly human susceptibility to pathogens often has a genetic basis
What is an example of a genetic disease?
> huntingtons disease
Why is the prevalence of Huntingtons disease greater in tasmania than in NSW?
because there is a smaller population in Tasmania, so less gene flow and genetic drift.
What is another example of evolution being important in medicine?
> in antibiotic resistance “staph” bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infection in humans 1943 - penicillin used to treat staph infections 1945 - 20% of staph infections resistant to penicillin “MSRA” resistant to methicillin, penicillin, and typically aditional other antibiotics
What are some examples of human pathogen susceptibility and genetics?
> malaria and sickle cell anemia and HIV Quick evolution in HIV Some humans have immunity to HIV homozygous delta32-CCR5 means that HIV can’t bind and enter the cell. the delta32-CCR5 mutant prevents the expression of a functional receptor and consequently prevents viral binding, Virus-cell fusion and entry.
How is evolution relevant to agriculture?
> low variation in crops susceptible to pathogens heirloom varieties and wild relatives are important sources of genetic diversity and crop traits new cropping strategies are being developed based on evolutionary theory
what is an example of crops susceptible to pathogens ?
Irish potato blight > in diverse crops, the blight hits and destroys the potatoes susceptible, however, the other resistant potatoes in the crop live on. > in cloned potato crops, blight hits and destroys the whole crop because there is no diversity and therefore no resistant variants.
What is special about heirloom and wild relatives?
they are important to maintain genetic diversity and crop traits
What are the crop strategies being developed based on evolutionary theory?
field with refuge to combat recessive pesticide resistant bugs
how is evolution relevant to conservation?
> small populations loose genetic diversity natural history of many imperiled species not conductive to quick evolutionary change tools from evolutionary biology can recognise diversity homozygous recessive traits increase in frequency as inbreeding exposes more of them.
What are the key concepts from this lecture?
> genetic diversity underlines future evolutionary potential evolutionary history shapes present-day genetic diversity natural selection is frequently context dependent; phenotypes with high fitness in one context may have low fitness in a different context. evolutionary principles are highly relevant to human endeavors