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BIOL1020 - Lecture 23: Real World Genetics 1

Biology11 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from a genetics lecture, focusing on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, types of dominance, gene expression, and more.

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can you test for hardy-weinberg equilibrium if you are examining phenotypes with dominant traits?

no > can’t test for HW because you don’t know the genotype of the heterozygous individual.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
can you test for hardy-weinberg equilibrium if you are examining phenotypes with dominant traits?
no > can’t test for HW because you don’t know the genotype of the heterozygous individual.
What happens if the transciption or translation of a gene goes wrong?
>point mutations > insertion >deletion >loss of function > change in function > change in regulation
what does incomplete dominance mean?
the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype
what is an example of a co-dominant trait?
blood type. Both alleles affect the phenotype
what is an example of overdominance?
extra fruit in tomato plants. > heterozygote has more extreme phenotype than either homozygote
what is important to keep in mind when thinking about the differetn types of dominance?
> incomplete, co-, and over dominance all describe phenotypic traits in relationship to a single locus. single locus genotypes are either homozygous o...
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BIOL1020 - Lecture 23: Real World Genetics 1
TermDefinition
can you test for hardy-weinberg equilibrium if you are examining phenotypes with dominant traits?
no > can’t test for HW because you don’t know the genotype of the heterozygous individual.
What happens if the transciption or translation of a gene goes wrong?
>point mutations > insertion >deletion >loss of function > change in function > change in regulation
what does incomplete dominance mean?
the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype
what is an example of a co-dominant trait?
blood type. Both alleles affect the phenotype
what is an example of overdominance?
extra fruit in tomato plants. > heterozygote has more extreme phenotype than either homozygote
what is important to keep in mind when thinking about the differetn types of dominance?
> incomplete, co-, and over dominance all describe phenotypic traits in relationship to a single locus. single locus genotypes are either homozygous or heterozygous
what happens when you do not just have one locus to one trait?
> pleiotropy - one gene, multiple trait outcomes. - “mutant” allele transmitted in an autosomal incomplete dominant mode. - e.g., frizzle gene in chickens, affects feather curling, metabolism, body temp and number of eggs laid Polygenic traits - a trait is controlled by multiple genes, usually along a continuum - e.g., skin colour epistasis - two or more genes interact to yield a trait
what is the ratio of dog coat colour ? (epistasis)
9:3:4 black:brown:yellow
how can you test for epistasis?
FOR NO EPISTASIS >di-hybrid cross > for genes on separate chromosomes > each allele pair shows independent segreation >f1 produces 4 gamete genotypes >F2 shows 9:3:3:1 phenotypes FOR EPISTASIS >different ratio then 9:3:3:1
what regulatory mechanisms affect how genes are expressed and thus gene expression ?
> environment time -seasonality age
what are the key concepts from this lecture?
> although Mendel was right that genes are inherited in a particular manner (independent assortment), relationships between genotypes and phenotypes can be quite complex Mendel’s “alleles” represent DNA variation in both protein coding genes and regulatory elements