what i the equation of cellular respiration? and what is its Delta G value?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6 H2O Delta G = -686kcal/mol = -2870kJ/mol
Key Terms
what i the equation of cellular respiration? and what is its Delta G value?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6 H2O Delta G = -686kcal/mol = -2870kJ/mol
what does the graph of the energy released when a glucose molecule is broken down?
the glucose molecule needs to be broken down in small steps at each step electrons are moved between reactants and products to enable breaking of c...
what is the benefit of having NAD involved in cellular respiration?
electron shuttle compound - makes cellular metabolism more flexible (compare with the function of ATP)
what is NAD?
NAD+ can transfer energy, 2 electrons and one proton around the cell using reduced NAD enables oxidised compounds to become more reduced NADH is th...
what is FAD?
another electron acceptor used in cellular respiration the reduced form is FADH2 structurally and functionally similar to NAD 2 hydrogens accepted ...
what are the stages of cellular respiration?
glycolysis pyruvate decarboxylation and the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what i the equation of cellular respiration? and what is its Delta G value? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6 H2O Delta G = -686kcal/mol = -2870kJ/mol |
what does the graph of the energy released when a glucose molecule is broken down? | the glucose molecule needs to be broken down in small steps at each step electrons are moved between reactants and products to enable breaking of chemical bonds. these reactions are called REDOX reactions this allows the controlled release of energy that can then be transformed into ATP |
what is the benefit of having NAD involved in cellular respiration? | electron shuttle compound - makes cellular metabolism more flexible (compare with the function of ATP) |
what is NAD? | NAD+ can transfer energy, 2 electrons and one proton around the cell using reduced NAD enables oxidised compounds to become more reduced NADH is the last phase of cellular respiration |
what is FAD? | another electron acceptor used in cellular respiration the reduced form is FADH2 structurally and functionally similar to NAD 2 hydrogens accepted in redox reaction 2 protons and 2 electrons |
what are the stages of cellular respiration? | glycolysis pyruvate decarboxylation and the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation |
describe glycolysis | produces two molecules of pyruvate from 1 molecule of glucose produces 2 NADH and 2 ATP (net) by substrate-level phosphorylation |
what is substrate- level phosphorylation? | production of ATP from ADP by direct transfer of a phospho-group from another molecule |
what happens in pyruvate decarboxylation? | produces Acetyl-Co a and CO2. catalyzed by an enzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase produces 1 NADH per pyruvate = 2 NADH |
what happens during the citric acid cycle? | produces 2CO2 from 1 Acetyl CoA produces 1 FADH2, 3 NADH and 1 ATP by substrate phosphorylation per acetyl-CoA uses 8 individual enzymatic steps. |
what happens in oxidative phosphorylation? | the combination of two processes, that harness the redox potential in glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation and the citric acid cycle to generate ATP from ADP produces 30-32 ATP per glucose molecule Input NADH and FADH2 consists of two phases (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis) uses 4+1 enzyme complexes. |
describe the electron transport chain | four membrane protein complexes input: NADH and FADH2 output: a proton gradient and H2O |
what role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain? | it is the final acceptor of electrons |
what is the equation of photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (LIGHT) –> C6H1206 +6 O2 |
What happens during photosynthesis? | two phases light reactions–> produces ATP and reducing power (NAD(P)H). happens in the thylakoids, membrane stacks in the chloroplasts dark reactions –> use energy (ATP) and reducing power (NAD(P)H) to produce sugars from CO2. happens in the stroma and cytosol |
what does it mean by dark reactions? | it does NOT mean that it occurs only at night, only that does not need light to proceed. |
what is NAD(P)+ used for in photosynthesis? | creating a proton gradient |
what are the similarities and differences between the final stage of respiration and photosynthesis? | differences >oxidative phosphorylation - consumes NADH/FADH2 - reduces oxygen to water >light reactions (photosynthesis) - produce NADPH - produce oxygen from water SIMILARITIES - creates a proton gradient - makes ATP via ATP synthase -uses electron transport chain - relies on membrane protein complexes. |
What is the Warburg effect? | > most cancer cells are defective in respiration most cancer cells rely on glycolysis only for glucose oxidation. I.e., don’t need the citric acid cycle or oxidative phosphorylation |