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Biology 7.2 Cell Structure

Biology22 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers the essential components and functions of cell structures, including organelles and membranes, as well as their roles in cellular processes.

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What is the role of the cell nucleus?

The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the role of the cell nucleus?
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
What are the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton?
Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules...
What organelles help make and transport proteins?
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough ER include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many mem...
What are the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. The mitochondria ...
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
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Biology 7.2 Cell Structure
TermDefinition
What is the role of the cell nucleus?
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
What are the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton?
Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement.
What organelles help make and transport proteins?
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Proteins made on the rough ER include those that will be released, or secreted, from the cell as well as many membrane proteins destined for lysosomes and other specialized locations within the cell. The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
What are the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. The mitochondria converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus.
Organelles
Mini organs that each have specific jobs within the cell.
Vacuoles
Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement.
Microfilaments
Microfilaments are threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin.
Microtubles
Microtubles are hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins.
Centrioles
Centrioles are located neat the nucleus and help organize cell division.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The endoplasmic reticulum is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a strong supporting layer around the membrane.
Lipid Bilayer
The lipid bilayer gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.
Selectively Permeable
Most biological membranes are selectively permeable meaning that some substances can pass across them and others cannot.