Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology EOC Review Part 1
activation energy
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
activation energy
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
allele
the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid
basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
activation energy | energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes |
active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
adaptation | inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival |
allele | the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive |
amino acid | basic building blocks of proteins |
analogous structures | structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function |
anaphase | the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles |
antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
antibody | a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body |
antigen | substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody |
archaea | domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan |
ATP | a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells |
autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer |
bacteria | domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans |
bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
base deletion | mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein |
base insertion | mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein |
base-pair substitution | a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides |
behavioral adaptation | an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate |
binary fission | asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells |
fetus | an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal |
fever | a rise in the temperature of the body |
fitness | the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment |
food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
food web | a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem |
fossil | the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil |
gamete | egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair |
gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
binomial nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species |
biodiversity | the variety of different species in a given area |