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Biology EOC Review Part 2

Biology30 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers essential biology concepts, including biogeochemical cycles, cell structures, and ecological relationships, to aid in understanding and reviewing key topics.

biogeochemical cycle

process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
biogeochemical cycle
process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to...
biomass
the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level
capsid
the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
carbohydrate
organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon cycle
the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
carnivore
a consumer that only eats other consumers

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TermDefinition
biogeochemical cycle
process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
biomass
the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level
capsid
the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
carbohydrate
organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon cycle
the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
carnivore
a consumer that only eats other consumers
catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; like an enzyme
cell
basic unit of life
cell cycle
the cycle of growth and reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase (g1, s, g2) and mitosis (division of the nucleus-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)
cell division
the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
cell membrane
The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell
cell wall
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; made of carbohydrates
cellular respiration
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
centriole
organize the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis
centromere
area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
chlorophyll
green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
chromatid
one of two identical 'sister' parts of a duplicated chromosome
gradualism
a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity
guard cell
Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing.
habitat
the place where an organism lives
haploid number
half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells
herbivore
consumer that eats only producers; also called a primary consumer
heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait
homeostasis
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
chromosome
condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide
climax community
a relatively stable long-lasting community reached in a successional series
codon
in RNA, a three-base 'word' that codes for one amino acid
commensalism
symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources