Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology EOC Review Part 2
biogeochemical cycle
process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
biogeochemical cycle
process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to...
biomass
the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level
capsid
the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
carbohydrate
organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon cycle
the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
carnivore
a consumer that only eats other consumers
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
biogeochemical cycle | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle |
biomass | the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level |
capsid | the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus |
carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
carbon cycle | the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again |
carnivore | a consumer that only eats other consumers |
catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction; like an enzyme |
cell | basic unit of life |
cell cycle | the cycle of growth and reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase (g1, s, g2) and mitosis (division of the nucleus-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) |
cell division | the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
cell membrane | The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell |
cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell; made of carbohydrates |
cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
centriole | organize the spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during animal cell mitosis |
centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
chlorophyll | green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis |
chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
chromatid | one of two identical 'sister' parts of a duplicated chromosome |
gradualism | a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity |
guard cell | Pairs of cells that surround stomata and control their opening and closing. |
habitat | the place where an organism lives |
haploid number | half the normal number of chromosomes; found in sex cells |
herbivore | consumer that eats only producers; also called a primary consumer |
heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
chromosome | condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide |
climax community | a relatively stable long-lasting community reached in a successional series |
codon | in RNA, a three-base 'word' that codes for one amino acid |
commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
competition | the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources |