Biology NEET - XII: Chapter 11- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
The two core techniques that led to the birth of biotechnology are genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering. Genetic engineering allows direct manipulation of DNA, while bioprocess engineering helps in large-scale production using microbes, cells, or enzymes.
Name the two core techniques that enabled birth of biotechnology.
Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering
Key Terms
Name the two core techniques that enabled birth of biotechnology.
Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering
The construction of the first recombinant DNA emerged from the possibility of linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of
Salmonella typhimurium
Which scientists first accomplished the construction of artificial recombinant DNA molecule and when?
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1972
When were the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli isolated?
1963
What did the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli isolated do?
One of them added methyl groups to the DNA and the other cut DNA.
Which was the first restriction endonuclease to be isolated/
Hind II
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Name the two core techniques that enabled birth of biotechnology. | Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering |
The construction of the first recombinant DNA emerged from the possibility of linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of | Salmonella typhimurium |
Which scientists first accomplished the construction of artificial recombinant DNA molecule and when? | Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1972 |
When were the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli isolated? | 1963 |
What did the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in Escherichia coli isolated do? | One of them added methyl groups to the DNA and the other cut DNA. |
Which was the first restriction endonuclease to be isolated/ | Hind II |
How many restriction nucleases have been identified and from how many strains of bacteria? | 900 restriction nucleases from 230 strains of bacteria |
Which sequence is responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA? | Origin of replication |
How many recognition sites should a (recombinant technology) vector preferably have? | 1 |
In heat shock method of making host competent in genetic engineering, at which temperature are the host cells placed with rDNA after keeping them on ice? | 42 celsius |
What are primers used in PCR technology? | Small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA. |
In how many cycles of PCR can DNA be amplified a billion times? | 30 cycles |
What quantities of culture can a bioreactor hold? | 100 to 1000L |
Detergents are added during purification of DNA to | Break plasma membrane |
Which compound is required for the functioning of restriction endonuclease II? | Mg2+ |
Which palindromic sequence does BamHI recognise? | GGATCC |
Which palindromic sequence does Hind III recognise? | AAGCTT |
Sal-I restriction endonuclease is extracted from which microbE? | Streptomyces albus |
Alu-I restriction endonuclease is extracted from which microbe? | Arthrobacter luteus |
What is the function of rop in plasmid vectors? | Codes for proteins required for replication of plasmids |
How many cloning sites does pBR322 have? | 8 |
What do the letters stand for in pBR322? | p- plasmid B- Bolyver R- Rodrigues 322- experiment number |
What is the maximum insert size for plasmid vector? | 15kb |
WHat is the maximum insert size for lambda phage vector? | 23kb |
What is the maximum insert size for M-13 phage vector? | 25-35 kb |
Cosmid vector is obtained from | Cos site of lambda phage |
What is the maximum insert size for BAC vector? | 200-300 kb | BAC- Bacterial artificial chromosome. |
What is the maximum insert size for YAC vector? | 1000 kb | YAC- yeast artificial chromosomes |
What is the maximum insert size for HAC vector? | 1000 kb | HAC- human artificial chromosome |
Which type of electrophoresis is used for the separation of proteins? | Proteins- SDS PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacryl acryl amide gel electrophoresis |
What is used as a dye in SDS PAGE? | Bromophenol blue + toluidine blue |
At which end of target DNA do primers attach in PCR? | 3' end |
Which vector is made of single stranded DNA? | M-13 phage |