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Biology – Scientific Method Part 3
This deck covers key concepts related to the scientific method and evolutionary biology, focusing on reasoning, evidence of common ancestry, Darwin's contributions, and the importance of diverse perspectives and control groups in scientific research.
Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? A - a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring B - an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce C - an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce D - a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce E - a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
C
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A - a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
B - an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
C - an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
D - a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
E - a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
C
Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?
A - If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.
B - Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic.
C - These organisms live in sunny parts of this area, so they are able to photosynthesize.
D - If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores.
E - If protists are all single-celled organisms, then they are incapable of aggregating.
B
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A - ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B - structure of chloroplasts
C - structure of the nucleus
D - near universality of the genetic code
E - structure of cilia
D
Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A - He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
B - He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C - He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
D - He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E - He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
D
Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures?
A - Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientific method more productively.
B - Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in consensus with the course of future research.
C - Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.
D - This is another way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.
E - They can rectify each other's approach to make it truly scientific.
C
Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?
A - The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.
B - A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.
C - The researcher predetermines the results for the control group.
D - Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested.
E - A control group is required for the development of an 'If...then' statement.
D
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A - a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
B - an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
C - an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
D - a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce
E - a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill | C |
Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?
A - If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.
B - Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic.
C - These organisms live in sunny parts of this area, so they are able to photosynthesize.
D - If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores.
E - If protists are all single-celled organisms, then they are incapable of aggregating. | B |
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A - ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B - structure of chloroplasts
C - structure of the nucleus
D - near universality of the genetic code
E - structure of cilia | D |
Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A - He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
B - He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C - He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
D - He proposed the mechanism that explains how evolution takes place.
E - He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time. | D |
Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures?
A - Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientific method more productively.
B - Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in consensus with the course of future research.
C - Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.
D - This is another way of ensuring that everyone gets the same results.
E - They can rectify each other's approach to make it truly scientific. | C |
Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?
A - The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.
B - A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.
C - The researcher predetermines the results for the control group.
D - Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested.
E - A control group is required for the development of an 'If...then' statement. | D |