Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Biopsychology Chapter 12 The Biology of Learning and Memory Part 1
Biopsychology Chapter 12 The Biology of Learning and Memory Part 1
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 12 of Biopsychology, focusing on the biology of learning and memory, including classical and operant conditioning, Lashley's research, and memory theories.
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.
conditioned stimulus
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.
conditioned stimulus
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____.
unconditioned response
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The salivation to the sound in this experiment was the ____.
conditioned respons
What should be the usual relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
The conditioned stimulus should be presented first.
In operant conditioning, reinforcement is ____.
an event that increases the future probability of a response
In operant conditioning, punishment is a(n) ____.
event that decreases the future probability of a response
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____. | conditioned stimulus |
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____. | unconditioned response |
Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments. Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation. The salivation to the sound in this experiment was the ____. | conditioned respons |
What should be the usual relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning? | The conditioned stimulus should be presented first. |
In operant conditioning, reinforcement is ____. | an event that increases the future probability of a response |
In operant conditioning, punishment is a(n) ____. | event that decreases the future probability of a response |
Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or operant conditioning? | song learning by male birds |
Operant conditioning is to ____ as classical conditioning is to ____. | consequences; association |
Lashley’s term “engram” refers to ____. | the physical representation of learning |
Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes, then made deep cuts in their cortexes. He found that the cuts produced ____. | little apparent effect |
Lashley found that a deep cut in a rat’s cerebral cortex completely eliminated the effects of learning under what circumstances, if any? | under none of the circumstances he studied |
Lashley found that when he removed parts of the brain ____. | the amount of tissue removed was more important than its location |
What does the phrase “all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors such as learning” define? | equipotentiality |
The cortex works as a whole, and the more cortex the better, defines ____. | mass action |
What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram? | Some memories do not depend on the cortex. |
What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram? | Not all memories are physiologically the same. |
In studies that paired a tone with an air puff to the cornea of rabbits, learning was found to depend on one nucleus of the ____. | cerebellum |
In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits, Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the ____. | lateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum |
Research indicates that the red nucleus is necessary for ____. | the performance of a conditioned response |
Preventing learning is to ____ as suppressing a response is to ____. | the lateral interpositus nucleus; the red nucleus |
A person with damage to their cerebellum may experience several problems, including ____. | weakened conditioned eye blinks |
Donald Hebb (1949) distinguished between two types of memory that he called | short-term and long-term |
Hebb believed that short-term memory ____. | was a temporary holding station on the way to long-term memory |
The general function of working memory is to ____. | attend to and operate on current information |
In learning, the basal ganglia ____. | integrates information over many trials |