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Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers the key structures and functions of various cellular components, including organelles, membranes, and cytoskeletal elements, found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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What is the cytoplasm and what are its main components?

The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside a cell, containing cytosol, organelles, and non-living inclusions. It is 80% water and found in both animal and plant cells.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the cytoplasm and what are its main components?
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside a cell, containing cytosol, organelles, and non-living inclusions. It is 80% water and found in both an...
What are the functions of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is responsible for cell shape, material transport, storage, cell growth, movement facilitation, and protection of genetic material and o...
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, hydrophobic parts inside, and hydrophilic parts on both sides.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
It regulates the concentrations of substances in and out of the cell and maintains the cell's shape.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores and is continuous with the ER. It houses chromosomes and nucleoli.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
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Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
TermDefinition
What is the cytoplasm and what are its main components?
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside a cell, containing cytosol, organelles, and non-living inclusions. It is 80% water and found in both animal and plant cells.
What are the functions of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is responsible for cell shape, material transport, storage, cell growth, movement facilitation, and protection of genetic material and organelles.
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, hydrophobic parts inside, and hydrophilic parts on both sides.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
It regulates the concentrations of substances in and out of the cell and maintains the cell's shape.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores and is continuous with the ER. It houses chromosomes and nucleoli.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
Describe the structure and function of the Rough ER.
The Rough ER is a network of membranous sacs with ribosomes, involved in protein assembly and membrane synthesis.
What is the role of the Smooth ER?
The Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, produces hormones, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs, and stores calcium ions.
What is the Golgi apparatus and its function?
The Golgi apparatus consists of cisternae and processes, sorts, and repackages proteins for transport.
How do endocytic and exocytic vesicles function?
Endocytic vesicles form by engulfing particles into the cell, while exocytic vesicles release particles outside the cell.
What is the structure and function of lysosomes?
Lysosomes are membranous sacs of enzymes that break down ingested substances and recycle cell components.
Describe the function of peroxisomes.
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that transfer hydrogen to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration.
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts have two membranes around a fluid stroma with thylakoids and are responsible for photosynthesis.
What is the role of the central vacuole in plant cells?
The central vacuole maintains water balance, stores waste, isolates hazardous materials, and aids in plant cell growth.
Describe the structure of the cell wall in plants.
The plant cell wall is made of cellulose, providing protection and structure, with plasmodesmata for nutrient exchange.
What are cell junctions and their types?
Cell junctions include gap junctions, plasmodesmata, tight junctions, and desmosomes, facilitating communication and structural integrity.
What is the function of centrosomes and microtubules?
Centrosomes organize microtubule assembly, while microtubules shape the cell, guide organelle movement, and assist in cell division.
Describe the structure and function of intermediate filaments.
Intermediate filaments are fibrous proteins that provide membrane support, anchor organelles, and form the nuclear lamina.
What role do microfilaments play in the cell?
Microfilaments support cell shape, aid in motility, and are involved in muscle contraction and cell division.