Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Part 8
Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Part 8
This flashcard deck covers key concepts from chapters 1-4 of Anatomy and Physiology, focusing on various types of connective tissues, cartilage, blood, epithelial membranes, and muscle tissues.
Adipose connective tissue
contains specialized cells called adipocytes make up ,most of the volume of the tissue.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Adipose connective tissue
contains specialized cells called adipocytes make up ,most of the volume of the tissue.
Adipose tissue provides and functions how
insulation, an energy reserve, support, protection and thermogenesis (brown fat) in infants.
Adipose tissue located
primarily in the subcutaneous layer of skin and surrounding the heart & kidneys. also found in yellow bone marrow of long bones, padding around joints...
Reticular connective tissue
is characterized by having extensive reticular fibers running through it.
Reticular connective tissue
forms stroma of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells.
Reticular connective tissueis found
in the stroma of the liver, spleen & lymph nodes and in the red bone marrow that gives
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Adipose connective tissue | contains specialized cells called adipocytes make up ,most of the volume of the tissue. |
Adipose tissue provides and functions how | insulation, an energy reserve, support, protection and thermogenesis (brown fat) in infants. |
Adipose tissue located | primarily in the subcutaneous layer of skin and surrounding the heart & kidneys. also found in yellow bone marrow of long bones, padding around joints, and behind eyeball in eye socket. |
Reticular connective tissue | is characterized by having extensive reticular fibers running through it. |
Reticular connective tissue | forms stroma of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells. |
Reticular connective tissueis found | in the stroma of the liver, spleen & lymph nodes and in the red bone marrow that gives |
Dense CT consists of two sublcasses | dense regular CT and dense irregular CT. |
In dense regular connective tissue | the collagen fibers arranged parallel to one another. |
Dense CT functions | to provides strong attachment between structures (withstands force in one direction). |
Dense CT IS found | in tendons (attaching muscle to bone), ligaments (attaching bone to bone), aponeuroses and elastic tissue. |
Dense irregular connective tissue | has interwoven mesh of fibers with no consistent pattern. It functions to provide strength in many directions. |
Dense irregular connective tissue | found in fasciae, the reticular layer of dermis, perichondrium, periosteum, joint capsules, dura mater (outer meninge), membrane capsules around various organs (kidneys, liver, testes, lymph nodes), heart valves |
Bone | provides for rigid, inflexible support. |
Cartilage | provides flexible support. Cartilage has a matrix that is a firm gel that contains chondroitin sulfates (polysaccharide derivative) which forms complexes with proteins in ground substance to form proteoglycans. |
Hyaline cartilage | is the most abundant type of cartilage. The matrix contains loosely packed collagen fibers. It is tough but flexible. It functions to provide smooth surfaces for movements and joints, flexibility, support. It is found on the ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi & bronchial tubes and the embryonic skeleton. |
Elastic cartilage | contains numerous elastic fibers which make it resilient and flexible. It provides flexible support and maintains shape. It is found in the epiglottis, external ear, auditory tubes |
Fibrocartilage | has very little ground substance. The matrix is dominated by collagen fibers which are densely interwoven. It functions in support and fusion. It is located in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and menisci of knee. |
Cartilage cells | are called chondrocytes and are located inside hollow areas in the matrix that are called lacunae. The physical properties depend on type and abundance of EC fibers and proteoglycan components. |
Cartilage is | avascular which means that nutrient and waste diffusion must occur through matrix. Cartilage is surrounded by= a perichondrium which is composed of an outer fibrous layer (dense Irreg CT) and inner cellular layer. The outer layer is for attachment of structures to the cartilage and the inner cellular layer produces new cells. |
Blood | (vascular tissue) consists of plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets). |
Eryrthrocutes | function to transport O2 and some CO2. |
Leukocytes | function in phagocytosis& are involved in immune/allergic rxns. Platelets =function in clotting. Blood is located within the heart and blood vessels |
Describe the structure of an epithelial membrane. List and define the three types of epithelial membranes (cutaneous, mucous and serous) | Epithelial membranes consist of epithelial layer and underlying layer of CT connected to one another by a basement membrane. Synovial membranes lack a basement membrane, often have gaps between cells, and have primarily macrophages and fibroblasts as lining cells. |
mucous membranes (mucosae) | are wet membranes that line body cavities that open directly to exterior(line all of dig, resp and repro systems and much of urinary system). |
serous membranes (serosae) | are wet membranes that line body cavities not open to exterior & cover organs that lie within those cavities. They consist of thin layers of areolar CT covered by a layer of mesothelium (simple squamous). The epithelial layer secretes serous fluid. Transudate is the fluid formed on surface of serous membrane. The membrane is composed of 2 layers the outer parietal layer lines walls of cavity and the inner visceral covers & attaches to organs. Serous membranes are named according to location (pleura, pericardium and peritoneum). |
cutaneous membranes are | dry membranes covering the external surface of body (skin). It consists of stratified squamous with underlying dense CT. |
The three types of muscle tissue are | smooth,cardiac,skeletal |
smooth | (surrounds organs and glands), |
cardiac | (wall of heart) and |
skeletal | (attached to bones). |