Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Chapter 1 - Key Concepts in Biology and Evolution Part 1
What study reveals common themes?
the study of life
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What study reveals common themes?
the study of life
What core theme accounts for unity and diversity of life?
evolution
In studying nature, scientists form and test __________.
hypotheses
The process of Evolution drives the ________ and _________________ of life
unity; diversity
Biological systems utilize _____________ and ____________________ to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.
free energy; molecular building blocks
Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and _________ to information essential to life processes.
respond
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What study reveals common themes? | the study of life |
What core theme accounts for unity and diversity of life? | evolution |
In studying nature, scientists form and test __________. | hypotheses |
The process of Evolution drives the ________ and _________________ of life | unity; diversity |
Biological systems utilize _____________ and ____________________ to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. | free energy; molecular building blocks |
Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and _________ to information essential to life processes. | respond |
Biological systems ___________, and these systems and their interactions possess complex processes. | interact |
What is an organisms’ adaptations to its environment a result of? | evolution |
What is evolution? | the process of change over time that has resulted in the astounding array of organisms found on earth. |
What are all organisms on earth today are modified descendants of? | common ancestor |
What is the study of life? | Biology |
What are the 2 central activities at the study of biology? | posing questions and seeking answers through inquiry |
What are the five unifying themes in biology that provide BIG IDEAS to help in our thinking about life? | Organization, information, energy and matter, interactions, and evolution |
What are the levels of biological organization in order of largest to smallest? | Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ, tissue, cells, organelles, molecules. |
What are the levels of biological organization in order of smallest to largest? | Molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. |
What are the two ends of the study of life? | the microscopic scale of the molecules and cells that make up organisms to the global scale of the entire living planet. |
Define emergent properties: | properties which arise in more complex structures and that did not exist at simpler levels of organization |
What is reductionism? | a method by which complex systems are broken down and the individual components are studied. |
What is systems biology? | a method by which scientists construct models which allow biologists to predict how a change in one or more variables will affect other components. |
What correlation exists at every level of biological organization? | structure and function |
What is the saying about structure and function? | Form Follows Function |
What are cells? | the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms and is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life |
Who was the first scientist to describe and name cells in 1665? | Robert Hocke |
What cells did Hocke look at? | Cork cells |
Who constructed the first true microscope and observed single celled organisms in pond water? | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
Who helped form the first two parts of the cell theory in 1838? | Theodore Schwann and Matthais Schlieden |
What did Theodore Schwann study? | animals |
What did Matthias Schleiden study? | plants |
Who added the third part of cell theory in 1855? | Rudolf Virchow |
What is the first part of cell theory? | all living organisms are composed of one or more cells |
What is the second part of cell theory? | A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organisms |
What is the third part of cell theory? | All cells arise from pre-existing cells |
What 4 things do all cells have? | Genetic material (DNA), Plasma membrane, ribosomes, and cytosol |
What is a prokaryotic cell? | a cell that lacks membrane bound organelles and nucleus. |
What are 2 examples of prokaryotic cells? | eubacteria/archaebacteria |
What is a eukaryotic cell? | a cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and organelles |
What are 2 examples of a eukaryotic cell? | plants & animals |
Within cells, structures called ___ contain genetic material in the form of ______ | chromosomes; DNA |
What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
What are nucleotides | repeating units (building blocks) |
What are DNA molecules composed of | nucleotides |
The sequence acts as a template that codes for _ which act as the tools of the cell. | Nucleotide (DNA); a protein |
What is the process of protein synthesis (list the steps) | DNA --> Transcription --> mRNA --> Translation --> Chain of amino acids --> Protein folding --> Protein |
What is gene expression | the entire process by which the information in a gene directs the production of cellular product |
In protein synthesis, DNA is transcribed into the intermediary molecule which is then translated into , and ultimately folded into a functional or structural ___. | mRNA; a chain of acids (polypeptide chain); protein |
What is the universality of the genetic code is a strong piece of evidence for? | all life is related |
Comparing the sequences in several for a given gene that codes for a particular can provide valuable information about the protein and the evolutionary relationship of the different species to one another. | species; gene |
What is a genome? | the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits |
What is genomics? | the study of an entire set of genes |
What is bioinformatics | the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from 'high throughput' technology. |