Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Chapter 1 - Key Concepts in Biology and Evolution Part 2
What is a producer?
an organism that obtains light energy from the sun and is capable of converting it into chemical energy of food (namely sugars) via photosynthesis.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a producer?
an organism that obtains light energy from the sun and is capable of converting it into chemical energy of food (namely sugars) via photosynthesis.
What type of process do producers use?
autotrophic
What is a consumer?
an organism that obtains its useable energy by feeding upon other organisms and their remains
What kind of process do consumers use?
Heterotrophic
Energy one-way through an ecosystem, from (process ) to the ____.
flows; progress; photosynthesis; consumers
Energy enters the ecosystem as _ and is converted to __ (in the form of ___)
sunlight (light energy); chemical energy; sugar (C6H12O6)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a producer? | an organism that obtains light energy from the sun and is capable of converting it into chemical energy of food (namely sugars) via photosynthesis. |
What type of process do producers use? | autotrophic |
What is a consumer? | an organism that obtains its useable energy by feeding upon other organisms and their remains |
What kind of process do consumers use? | Heterotrophic |
Energy one-way through an ecosystem, from (process ) to the ____. | flows; progress; photosynthesis; consumers |
Energy enters the ecosystem as _ and is converted to __ (in the form of ___) | sunlight (light energy); chemical energy; sugar (C6H12O6) |
Nutrients are within an ecosystem. The essential link in this process is (by fungi, etc.) returning chemicals to the environment. | cycled; decomposers |
What are nutrients lost as as they are passed through an ecosystem? | Trick question: they are never lost |
What is ecology? | the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment |
What has resulted in increased global warming/ climate change? | the burning of fossil fuels and the increase in CO2 |
What does evolution account for? | the unity and diversity of life |
What are the three domains? | Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya |
What kingdom includes the Kingdom Eubacteria | Bacteria |
What kingdom includes the Kingdom Archaebacteria | Archae |
What are the 4 Eukaryotic kingdoms? | plantae, fungi, Animalia, protists |
All of life on Earth is . | connected |
What was Charles Darwin's phrase for evolution? | "descent with modification" |
What was the book, published by Darwin, that is one of the most and influential books ever written | "On the origin of species by means of natural selection" |
Name several sources of evidence for evolution. | fossil record, biogeography, DNA similarities, embryology, structural comparison. |
What did Darwin state that evolution was driven by? | natural selection |
What are the three observations that natural selection was based off on? | variation, competition is inevitable, circumstances/nature correlates |
What is variation? | individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which seem to be heritable |
What is the competition is inevitable theory? | a population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring on their own |
What is the circumstances/nature correlates theory | species are generally suited to their environments. |
Darwin inferred/reasoned that individuals with traits that are better suited (best fit) to the local environment are more likely to _ and __ than the less well-suited individuals within that given population. | inherited; survive; reproduce |
The environment consistently "" for the propagation of certain traits among the naturally occurring variant traits in the population. | selects |
What is fitness? | contribution to the next generation |
As a result of descent with modification, two species will certain traits simply because they diverged from a common ancestor (this show the __ of life) | share; unity |
Furthermore, we can account for the differences between two species (the of life) with the idea that certain heritable changes occurred after the two species from their common ancestor. | diversity; diverged |
What does a family tree illustrate? | an example of adaptive radiation of new species from a common ancestor |
What, outside of finches, are finches related to? | all other birds |
What is the Universal Genetic Code? | use of the same nucleotides to create the template for each organism's structure. More related species would thereby exhibit more similar DNA, genes, etc. than less related species (recent divergence) |
What does a branch point represent? | the divergence point of more than two novel evolutionary lineages moving forward (the last common ancestor they shared) |
What is a cladogram | the tree |
What does inquiry include? | making observations, forming logical explanations (hypotheses) and testing them |
What is at the heart of science? | inquiry |
What do scientists rely heavily on | scientific literature, the lit. review of past related studies. |
What is scientific literature? | the peer-reviewed, published contributions of other scientists. |
What are the two types of data used in scientific research? | qualitative and quantitative |
What is qualitative data? | a subjective description |
What is quantitative data? | an objective measure |
What is inductive reasoning | a method by which scientists are able to arrive at general ideas based on a large number of specific observations |
What is deductive reasoning? | a method by which scientists use logic to move from the general to the specific. |
What kind of statement is used with deductive reasoning? | If … then |
What is a hypotheses? | an explanation, based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction. |
What is another phrase for a hypotheses? | an explanation on trial |
What is an experiment? | a scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions |
What must a scientific hypothesis be? | testable |
Science only deals with _, it can neither support nor contradict the ghost, elf, or orc hypothesis | natural, testable explanations for natural phenomena |
Do scientists control ALL the features of a controlled experiment? | No, that's impossible |