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Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Part 6

Anatomy and Physiology30 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts about epithelial tissue, including its characteristics, classifications, and functions, as well as specific types of epithelial cells and their roles in the human body.

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Epithelial tissue characteristics

Epithelial tissue is highly cellular, polarized, avascular, innervated, attached to a basement membrane, and capable of rapid regeneration, often with specializations like microvilli or cilia.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Epithelial tissue characteristics
Epithelial tissue is highly cellular, polarized, avascular, innervated, attached to a basement membrane, and capable of rapid regeneration, often with...
tight junctions form fluid
tight seals between cells common among epithelial cells that line stomach, intestines and bladder prevent fluid in cavity from leaking into body
anchoring junctions (desmosomes)
fasten cells to one another or to EC materialcommon in tissues subjected to friction & stretching outer layer of skin, muscle tissue of heart, neck of...
surface
exposed to body exterior or cavity or lining of organ
basal surface
attached surface (attached to basement membrane)
basement membrane
consists of thin extracellular layer that attaches epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
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Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Part 6
TermDefinition
Epithelial tissue characteristics
Epithelial tissue is highly cellular, polarized, avascular, innervated, attached to a basement membrane, and capable of rapid regeneration, often with specializations like microvilli or cilia.
tight junctions form fluid
tight seals between cells common among epithelial cells that line stomach, intestines and bladder prevent fluid in cavity from leaking into body
anchoring junctions (desmosomes)
fasten cells to one another or to EC materialcommon in tissues subjected to friction & stretching outer layer of skin, muscle tissue of heart, neck of uterus, epithelial lining of GI tract
surface
exposed to body exterior or cavity or lining of organ
basal surface
attached surface (attached to basement membrane)
basement membrane
consists of thin extracellular layer that attaches epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
basal lamina
noncellular, adhesive that provides barrier that restricts movement of proteins and other large molecules from underlying connective tissue into epithelium; contains glycoproteins and protein filaments which are secreted by epithelium
reticular lamina
contain reticular fibers & bundles of protein fibers which provide strength; it is secreted by CT
Epithelia are classified
based on numbers of layers into simple and stratified epithelium.
Simple epithelium
consists of a single layer of cells and primarily functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion & absorption.
Stratified epithelium
consists of 2 or more layers and often functions in protection in areas with lots of wear and tear
Epithelia are classified
based on cell shape (as viewed in cross-section).
Squamous epithelium
has cells that are thin & flat and generally allow rapid movement of substances through them.
Cuboidal epithelia
are cube-shaped (approximately equal height and width) and generally function in secretion & absorption.
Columnar epithelia
are column-shaped (taller than they are wide).
simple squamous
single layer of flat cells that are found in areas subjected to little wear and tear, which function in absorption &/or secretion.
simple squamous
are found lining heart, blood vessels & lymph vessels (= endothelium), in the epithelial layer of serous membranes (= mesothelium) and lining the alveoli (air sacs) of lungs
stratified squamous
Many lauers; superficial cells flat; deep cells cuboidal to columnar. The deepest cells divide and shift to surface; as cells move toward surface they get farther from blood supply (underlying connective tissue); cells get dehydrated, shrunken and harder; at surface they lose junctions and are sloughed off & replaced.
stratified squamous
Primarily functions in protection and is found in the superficial layer of skin (epidermis) and lining wet surfaces (mouth, esophagus, tongue & part of epiglottis & vagina)
simple cuboidal
A single layer of cube-shaped cells that function in secretion & absorption and are located lining glands & ducts.
transitional
Transitional is composed of many layers but the appearance of individual cells changes due to stretching; Typically the superficial layer is not as flat as in stratified squamous.
transitional
is found in the urinary bladder and ureters.
simple columnar
Simple columnar epithelium is a single layer of tall, column-shaped cells specialized for absorption and secretion.
Single layer of column-shaped cells.
Contains goblet cells & microvilli & cilia in some locations
microvilli
(cytoplasmic projections that increase membrane surface area). Functions to propel fluids or particles along passageway and in secretion and absorption. It lines the stomach, intestine gallbladder and uterine tubes.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Single layer of column-shaped cells with cilia. The nuclei are at varying depths and all cells are attached to basement membrane in single layer but not all reach apical surface.
Cells that reach surface does what
either secrete mucus or bear cilia. It functions in protection, secretion and movement of mucus by cilia and is located in the trachea & bronchi
The function of glandular epithelium
is secretion which is accomplished by glandular cells that often lie in clusters deep to covering and lining epithelium. The gland may consist of one cell or group of specialized epithelial cells
Endocrine glands are ductless glands. Secretions enter EC fluid and then diffuse directly into bloodstream.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands whose secretions diffuse into the extracellular fluid and then enter the bloodstream.
(glandular epitheluim)Secretions are called hormones
Exocrine contain ducts. Secretions flow onto surface of covering & lining epithelium via tubelike ducts. Secretions include= mucus, perspiration, skin oil, ear wax, milk and digestive enzymes (sweat glands and salivary glands)