Among the ingredients of a lipstick are beeswax, carnauba wax, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and capric triglyceride. What types of lipids have been used?
Key Terms
Why are LDLs called 'bad' cholesterol?
"Bad" cholesterol is the cholesterol carried by LDLs that can form deposits in the arteries called plaque, which narrows the arteries.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Among the ingredients of a lipstick are beeswax, carnauba wax, hydrogenated vegetable oils, and capric triglyceride. What types of lipids have been used? | waxes, triacylglycerols |
Trans fats are produced during the hydrogenation of their unsaturated fatty acids. What is the typical configuration of the double bond in a monounsaturated fatty acid? | A typical monounsaturated fatty acid has a cis double bond |
How does a trans fatty acid differ from a cis fatty acid? | A trans fatty acid has a trans double bond with the alkyl groups on opposite sides of the double bond. |
Describe the similarities and differences between triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids. | A triacylglycerol consists of (glycerol) and (three) fatty acids. A glycerophospholipid also consists of (glycerol), but has (two) fatty acids with the hydroxyl group on the (third) carbon attached by a phosphate bond to (phosphoric acid), which is attached by a phosphate ester bond to an ionized amino alcohol. |
Why are LDLs called 'bad' cholesterol? | "Bad" cholesterol is the cholesterol carried by LDLs that can form deposits in the arteries called plaque, which narrows the arteries. |
Which of the following are steroid hormones? | cortisol, estradiol, testosterone |
Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids: estrogen | steroid nucleus |
Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids: cephalin | glycerol, fatty acid, phosphate, amino alcohol |
Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids: wax | fatty acid |
Identify the components contained in each of the following lipids: triacylglycerol | glycerol, fatty acid |
What is the function of the lipid bilayer in a cell membrane? | -to keep the cell contents separated from the outside environment |
How do molecules of cholesterol affect the structure of cell membranes? | Because the molecules of cholesterol are large and rigid, they reduce the flexibility of the lipid bilayer and add strength to the cell membrane. |
Which of the following are found in cell membranes? | -are found in cell membranes |
Which of the following are not found in cell membranes? | -are not found in cell membranes |