Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Chapter 41: Species Interactions Part 2
What do parasites affect in their host population?
survival, reproduction and density
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What do parasites affect in their host population?
survival, reproduction and density
What is mutualism?
a symbiotic relationship that benefits both species
What is commensalism?
a symbiotic relationship that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other
What is species diversity?
the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community
What is species richness?
the number of different species in the community
What is relative abundance?
the proportion each species represent of all of the individuals
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What do parasites affect in their host population? | survival, reproduction and density |
What is mutualism? | a symbiotic relationship that benefits both species |
What is commensalism? | a symbiotic relationship that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other |
What is species diversity? | the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community |
What is species richness? | the number of different species in the community |
What is relative abundance? | the proportion each species represent of all of the individuals |
What is biomass? | the total mass of all organisms in a habitat |
What is trophic structure? | the feeding relationships that exist between organisms in a community. Each organism occupies a trophic level based on their main food source |
What is a food chain? | the transfer of food energy up the trophic levels |
Who are on the bottom of the food chain? | primary producers |
Who eat primary producers? | primary consumers |
Who eat primary producers? | secondary consumers |
Who eat secondary consumers? | tertiary consumers |
Who eat tertiary consumers? | quaternary consumers |
What is a food web | a diagram of the trophic relationships of a community (linking multiple food chains together) |
What does the food web show? | the flow of energy and nutrients through an ecosystem through a variety of possible paths |
What are dominant species? | species that are the most abundant or that collectively have the highest biomass |
What are keystone species | species who exert strong control on community structure by their pivotal ecological niches |
What is stability? | a community tendency to reach and maintain a relatively constant composition of species |
What does a disturbance do? | changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability |
What does the immediate disturbance hypothesis state? | that moderate levels of disturbance foster greater species diversity than do high or low levels of disturbance |
What is ecological succession? | transitions in species composition in a certain area over ecological time |
What is primary succession? | when succession begins in a virtually lifeless area where soil has not yet formed |
What is a pioneer species? | the first species to colonize a new habit |
What is secondary succession? | succession that occurs when an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance that leaves the soil intat |
Most parries experience regular fires, typically every few years. If these disturbances were relatively modest, how would the species diversity of a prairie likely be affected if no burning occurred for 100 years? Why? | low level of disturbance ==> diversity would be expected to decline as competitively dominant species gain sufficient time to exclude less competitive species |
How does latitude effect diversity of a community? | plant and animal life are generally more abundant and diverse in the tropics |
How does are effect community diversity? | if all other factors are held equal, the larger the geographic area of a community, the more species it has in it |
why do islands provide excellent opportunities for studying the biogeographic factors that affect the species diversity of communities? | because of their isolation and limited size |
What two factors determine the number of species on an island? | the rate at which new species immigrate to the island and the rate at which new species become extinct |
What two features of an island effect the rates? | size and distance from the mainland |
What is the island equilibrium model? | small islands generally have lower immigration rates than large islands and higher extinction rates; the farther an island is from the mainland, the higher the rate of extinction |
How would you expect the richness of birds on islands to compare with the richness of snakes and lizards? Why? | Birds disperse to islands more often than snakes/lizards so they should have greater richness |