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Chapter 5: Membrane Structure and Function Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology31 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to membrane structure and function, including diffusion, osmosis, types of solutions, transport mechanisms, and cellular processes.

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What does kinetic energy result in?

The random movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration, a process called diffusion.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What does kinetic energy result in?
The random movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration, a process called diffusion.
When are solutions said to be in equilibrium?
When two solutions are separated by a permeable membrane and both have equal concentrations of the solute.
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas.
What factors influence the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, concentration gradient, movement, charge.
What is passive transport?
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because the cell does not have to expend energy to make it happen.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water across a membrane. This will occur from HIGH to LOW concentration. Therefore, this is considered a form of passive transport.
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Chapter 5: Membrane Structure and Function Part 2
TermDefinition
What does kinetic energy result in?
The random movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration, a process called diffusion.
When are solutions said to be in equilibrium?
When two solutions are separated by a permeable membrane and both have equal concentrations of the solute.
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas.
What factors influence the rate of diffusion?
Temperature, concentration gradient, movement, charge.
What is passive transport?
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane because the cell does not have to expend energy to make it happen.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water across a membrane. This will occur from HIGH to LOW concentration. Therefore, this is considered a form of passive transport.
What is an isotonic solution?
When there is no concentration gradient -- solute on both sides of the membrane are EQUAL. A cell that is placed in this type of solution will remain the same size.
What is a hypertonic solution?
When there is a higher concentration of solute particles in the environment than in the cell. Cells in this type of environment will shrink and become flaccid. This process is called plasmolysis.
What is a hypotonic solution?
When there is a lower concentration of solute particles in the environment than in the cell. Cells in this type of environment will swell and become turgid.
What is the contractile vacuole?
The structure in Paramecium that allows them to release water before it causes them to lyse. This is a form of osmoregulation.
What is turgor pressure?
The pressure in plants as the cell membrane presses against the cell wall allowing a plant to stay rigid.
What is plasmolysis?
A lack of turgor pressure resulting in a plant wilting.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The process by which polar molecules and ions move across the plasma membrane, these molecules move through transport proteins.
In facilitated diffusion, do molecules go up their concentration or down their concentration?
Down their concentration.
Is facilitated diffusion active or passive transport?
Passive.
What does a channel protein allow?
The flow of molecules across the membrane.
What are aquaporins?
Channel proteins that are water carriers.
What are ion channels?
Channel proteins which function as gated channels which open or close in response to a stimulus.
What are carrier proteins?
Proteins that undergo a subtle change in shape to translocate a molecule across a membrane.
What is active transport?
The transport of molecules against the concentration gradient using Cellular NRG (ATP) (LOW to HIGH concentration).
What is membrane potential?
The difference in voltage across a membrane created by the difference in ions on either side of the membrane.
What is electrochemical gradient?
The difference in charge and concentration of ions that cause them to move across a membrane. Both of these factors drive the diffusion of ions.
What is the electrogenic pump?
A protein that creates an electrochemical gradient.
What are two examples of the electrogenic pump?
The sodium-potassium pump in animals, and the proton pump in plants, bacteria, and fungi.
What can a solute that exists in different concentrations do?
Work as it moves.
What is cotransport?
When one protein pump facilitates the movement of a different molecule through a different pump.
What is exocytosis?
A form of active transport (bulk transport) when large molecules are expelled from the cell.
What is endocytosis?
A form of active transport (bulk transport) in which molecules are taken into the cell.
What is phagocytosis?
Solid materials are taken into the cell through food vacuoles.
What is pinocytosis?
When liquid materials are taken into the cell.
What do receptor-mediated endocytosis trigger?
The infolding of the membrane and the intake of specific materials.