Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 6: Attention Part 1
Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 6: Attention Part 1
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 6 of Cognitive Neuroscience, focusing on attention. Topics include types of attention, classic studies, theories, and effects related to attention.
What is the difference between exogenous and endogenous attention?
endogenous (volentarty…following a cue), exogenous (reflexive)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the difference between exogenous and endogenous attention?
endogenous (volentarty…following a cue), exogenous (reflexive)
Describe Hermann von Helmholtz’s study of attention. What did he demonstrate?
Helmholtz (1894) performed the first covert attention experiment. The screen full of letters was larger than his field of view, so he had to select an...
What is covert attention?
Overt Attention (Directing one’s gaze towards an object or location of interest.) Covert Attention (When the direction of one’s gaze is different from...
What is the cocktail party effect? What method did Cherry (1953) use to test it? What did Moray’s (1959) finding suggest about how we filter attention?
In the cocktail party effect, a person is able to ignore a large number of voices in order to focus on a single voice. Cherry Dichotic-listening study...
What is early-selection theory? What is late-selection theory? Describe evidence in favour of each theory.
EARLY: can quickly filter out the unimportant so allocate more resources to whats important. (we only have so much capacity and this explain why we do...
What is an attentional bottleneck?
have limited capacity can only do so much so things , competition for processing resources so get bottlenecked and we process info one thing at a time...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the difference between exogenous and endogenous attention? | endogenous (volentarty…following a cue), exogenous (reflexive) |
Describe Hermann von Helmholtz’s study of attention. What did he demonstrate? | Helmholtz (1894) performed the first covert attention experiment. The screen full of letters was larger than his field of view, so he had to select an area to attend to. Even without moving his eyes, he could still attend to particular locations. Unattended locations were just a blur. |
What is covert attention? | Overt Attention (Directing one’s gaze towards an object or location of interest.) Covert Attention (When the direction of one’s gaze is different from the location to which one is paying attention.) |
What is the cocktail party effect? What method did Cherry (1953) use to test it? What did Moray’s (1959) finding suggest about how we filter attention? | In the cocktail party effect, a person is able to ignore a large number of voices in order to focus on a single voice. Cherry Dichotic-listening study. (people shadowed one ear not other, but if it’s meaningful stimulus from unshadowed ear we’ll suddenly pay attention) Example hearing your name (Moray) will make you automatically start attending to that |
What is early-selection theory? What is late-selection theory? Describe evidence in favour of each theory. | EARLY: can quickly filter out the unimportant so allocate more resources to whats important. (we only have so much capacity and this explain why we don’t use it all up looking at things) (LATE: all info is thoroughly and semantically processed only after is it filtered out (the cocktail party hearing your name Moray) |
What is an attentional bottleneck? | have limited capacity can only do so much so things , competition for processing resources so get bottlenecked and we process info one thing at a time. |
What is the flanker effect? What do interference tasks tell us about attention? | Flanker effect: noticed that is was more difficult to attend to a stimulus when meaningful distracters were nearby . We can both control and not control our attention, but we are not multitasks. Interference can easily interfere with attention |
What is spatial attention? What are its two types? | The direction of attention to a particular location while ignoring (or paying less attention to) others. Exogenous/Endrogenou |
Why are conjunction searches difficult? Is “Where’s Waldo” a conjunction search? | In conjunction searches (when a target must possess two or more specific characteristics), attention is required. The larger the number of distracters, the longer attention is engaged. Yes where’s Waldo is conjunction search because you’re looking for a person, with the red/white, and the shape of the hat. You’re looking at multiple things |
What is the “popout” effect? | The poppet effect is when your looking for something and the one thing your looking for is more bold and stands out more than all the others. One green two in a pile of red two’s |