Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter I (13-End)
Cognitive Psychology Chapter I (13-End)
This deck covers key concepts and methods in cognitive psychology, including theories, research methods, and major ideas.
What is a theory?
A theory is a structured body of explanatory principles regarding a phenomenon, usually based on observations.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a theory?
A theory is a structured body of explanatory principles regarding a phenomenon, usually based on observations.
Testing and examining the predictive power of theories generates …
… hypotheses.
Six categories of methods used in cognitive psychology:
• case studies • computational modeling and AI • controlled lab experiments • naturalistic observations • psychobiological research • self-reports
Description of controlled lab experiments
obtain samples of performance at a particular time and place
Description of psychobiological research
study animal brains and human brains, using postmortem studies and various psychobiological measures or imaging techniques
Description of self-reports
obtain participants’ reports of own cognition in progress or as recollected
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a theory? | A theory is a structured body of explanatory principles regarding a phenomenon, usually based on observations. |
Testing and examining the predictive power of theories generates … | … hypotheses. |
Six categories of methods used in cognitive psychology: | • case studies • computational modeling and AI • controlled lab experiments • naturalistic observations • psychobiological research • self-reports |
Description of controlled lab experiments | obtain samples of performance at a particular time and place |
Description of psychobiological research | study animal brains and human brains, using postmortem studies and various psychobiological measures or imaging techniques |
Description of self-reports | obtain participants’ reports of own cognition in progress or as recollected |
Description of case studies | engage in intensive study of single individuals, drawing general conclusions about behavior |
Description of naturalistic observations | observe real-life situations, as in classrooms, work settings, or homes |
Description of computational modeling and AI | simulation: simulate human cognition AI: make computers demonstrate intelligent cognitive performance |
Two examples for case studies and when they happened: | Phineas Gage 1848 (metal spike through brain); Genie (locked in a room for her first 13 years) |
Seven key issues and fields in Cognitive Psychology: | • applied vs basic research • biological vs behavioral methods • domain generality vs. domain specificity • ecological validity vs. validity of causal inference • empiricism vs. rationalism • nature vs nurture • structure vs processes |
Five major ideas in Cognitive Psychology: | • basic research may lead to applications and applications may lead to basic understandings • cognition is generally adaptive • cognitive processes interact with each other • cognition needs to be studied through a variety of scientific methods • data needs theory and vice-versa |