Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter I (8-12)
Cognitive Psychology Chapter I (8-12)
This deck covers essential questions and answers from the field of cognitive psychology, focusing on key figures, theories, and concepts from the early to mid-20th century.
What did contemporary researchers of Thorndike use that led from Associationism to Behaviorism?
Animal Experiments to probe stimulus-response relationships
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What did contemporary researchers of Thorndike use that led from Associationism to Behaviorism?
Animal Experiments to probe stimulus-response relationships
Russian Nobel Prize winning physiologist:
Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936)
Effective conditioning requires …
… contingency (eg. between food and conditioned stimulus)
The “father” of radical behaviorism:
John Watson (1878 - 1958)
According to John Watson psychologists should concentrate only on …
… observable behavior.
According to John Watson thinking is mere ..
.. subvocalized speech.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What did contemporary researchers of Thorndike use that led from Associationism to Behaviorism? | Animal Experiments to probe stimulus-response relationships |
Russian Nobel Prize winning physiologist: | Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936) |
Effective conditioning requires … | … contingency (eg. between food and conditioned stimulus) |
The “father” of radical behaviorism: | John Watson (1878 - 1958) |
According to John Watson psychologists should concentrate only on … | … observable behavior. |
According to John Watson thinking is mere .. | .. subvocalized speech. |
Who believed that all forms of human behavior could be explained by behavior emitted in reaction to the environment? | Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904 - 1990) |
Behaviorism dominated psychology for decades largely because of: | Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904 - 1990) |
Who started to peak into the “black box” by highlighting the importance of the purpose and the plan for behavior? | Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959) |
Sometimes viewed as a forefather of cognitive psychology: | Edward Tolman (1886 - 1959) |
The fact that learning through observation (social learning) is possible is used as another criticism of … | … behaviorism. |
What maxim can be said to sum up the Gestalt perspective? | “The whole differs from the sum of its parts” (To understand the perception of a flower, for example, we would have to take into account the whole of the experience.) |
What does Cognitivism have in common with Gestaltism? | The emphasize lies on internal mental processes. |
What does Cognitivism have in common with Behaviorism? | The use of precise quantitative measures and analysis. |
Who challenged the behaviorist view that the human brain is a passive organ responding to environmental stimuli? | the Watson student Karl Spencer Lashley (1890 - 1958) |
Lashley considered the brain to be … | … active and dynamic. |
Who and when proposed cell assemblies as the basis of learning? | Donald Hebb 1949 |
Skinner wrote a book (1957) on how language acquisition and usage could be explained purely in terms of environmental contingencies. What happened next? | This book stretched Skinner’s framework too far and Noam Chomsky (1959) wrote a scathing review of Skinner’s ideas. |
One notion Chomsky used to smash Skinner’s ideas: | The ability to produce an infinite number of sentences that could not have been learned by reinforcement. |
What is the name (and abbreviation) of the internal structure that guides our acquisition of language? | language acquisition device (LAD) |
When did Turing propose his Turing test? | 1950 |
Name one of the most famous early articles of cognitive psychology! | “the magic number seven” - George Miller (1956) |
What was (among other) introduced in Miller’s “the magic number seven”? | the concept of “channel capacity” |
How did Ulric Neisser define cognitive psychology in his book “Cognitive Psychology”? | The study of how people learn, structure, store and use knowledge/information. |
Who proposed detailed models of human thinking in 1972? | Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon |
Who and when did popularize the concept of modularity of mind? | Jerry Fodor (1973) |
What does the modularity of mind by Fodor imply? | Modularity implies that processes are domain specific and operate independently of processes in other domains. |
The idea of modularity can be traced back to … | … phrenologist Franz-Joseph Gall. Phrenology: the detailed study of the shape and size of the cranium as a supposed indication of character and mental abilities. |