Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter V Memory I
Cognitive Psychology Chapter V Memory I
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter V of Cognitive Psychology, focusing on memory. It includes definitions, models, and theories related to memory processes.
Memory is the means …
… by which we retain our past experiences to use information in the present.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Memory is the means …
… by which we retain our past experiences to use information in the present.
3 common operations of memory:
• encoding • storage • retrieval
Recall vs. recognition + boolean expression
recall: you produce an item from memory; recognition: you identify an item as one that you have already been exposed to; recognition > recall
Three types of recall:
• serial recall • free recall • cued recall aka. “paired-associates recall”
Kinds of knowledge needed in recognition and recall:
• recognition: receptive knowledge • recall: expressive knowledge
Implicit vs. explicit:
• implicit: not consciously using info from memory • explicit: consciously using info from memory
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Memory is the means … | … by which we retain our past experiences to use information in the present. |
3 common operations of memory: | • encoding • storage • retrieval |
Recall vs. recognition + boolean expression | recall: you produce an item from memory; recognition: you identify an item as one that you have already been exposed to; recognition > recall |
Three types of recall: | • serial recall • free recall • cued recall aka. “paired-associates recall” |
Kinds of knowledge needed in recognition and recall: | • recognition: receptive knowledge • recall: expressive knowledge |
Implicit vs. explicit: | • implicit: not consciously using info from memory • explicit: consciously using info from memory |
To study implicit memory, what effects are sometimes used? | Priming effects |
Memory and Age? | Explicit memory poor in very young and old people. Implicit memory relatively uniform. |
What is used to measure intelligence in specific cultures? | culture-relevant tests |
William James memory model consists of: | • primary memory • secondary memory |
Atkinson and Shiffrin’s memory model consists of: | • sensory store • short-term store • long-term store |
Store vs. Memory: | • store: structure that holds memory • memory: content / information hold by a store |
The 3 stores in Atkinson & Shiffrin’s model are examples for … | … hypothetical constructs. |
Example for a sensory store: | the iconic store: it is a discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods. |
Georg Sperling’s discovery? | |
Iconic memory can be erased, for example by … | … backward visual masking. |
Immediate (short-term) memory capacity seems to be about … | … 7 items +- 2 |
The term permastore refers to the … | … very long-term storage of info, such as knowledge about a foreign language and of mathematics. |
What does the “levels-of-processing” framework postulate: | Memory does not comprise any specfic numbers of stores, but rather varies along a contiuous dimension in terms of depth encoding. |
In the self-reference effect, participants show very | high levels of recall when asked to determine whether the words describe them. |
How can the working-memory model be viewed (in comparison to classical store-based models)? | One can think of the WM-model as having three nested circles: short-term, working and long-term memory. Important is the role of activation in moving info from long-term to working memory. |
5 elements of the working memory: | • the visuospatial sketchpad • the phonological loop • the central executive • subsidiary “slave systems” • episodic buffer |
the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop hold … | … very briefly some visual images / inner speech. |
Two components of the phonological loop: | • phonological storage • subvocal rehearsal |
The central executive both … | … coordinates attentional activities and governs responses. |
The number of subsidiary slave systems … | … perform other cognitive or perceptual tasks. |
The episodic buffer is a limited-capacity system that is capable of … | … binding info from the visuospatial sketchpad, the phonological loop and the long-term memory into one unitary episodic representation. |
6 tasks to assess working memory: | retention delay task (1. stim -> delay -> 2. stim: old or new?) temporally ordered working memory load task (item test (ordered stimuli -> *** -> test item: old or new?), span test (reproduce in correct order)) temporal/relational order task (5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 2 -> 3, 7: which is most recent?) n-back task |