Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter VI: Memory Processes I
Cognitive Psychology Chapter VI: Memory Processes I
This deck covers key concepts in memory processes, including encoding, storage, retrieval, rehearsal, and interference theories.
Encoding refers to …
… how we transform a phsyical, sensory input into a representation that can be placed into memory
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Encoding refers to …
… how we transform a phsyical, sensory input into a representation that can be placed into memory
storage refers to …
… how we retain encoded information
retrieval refers to …
… how we gain access to stored information
Info stored temporarily in working memory is encoded primarily in …
… acoustic form.
Most info encoded in long-term memory is encoded …
… sementically.
2 problems when we transfer info from short-term to long-term memory:
• decay • interference
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Encoding refers to … | … how we transform a phsyical, sensory input into a representation that can be placed into memory |
storage refers to … | … how we retain encoded information |
retrieval refers to … | … how we gain access to stored information |
Info stored temporarily in working memory is encoded primarily in … | … acoustic form. |
Most info encoded in long-term memory is encoded … | … sementically. |
2 problems when we transfer info from short-term to long-term memory: | • decay • interference |
When we forget facts just because time has passed, this is called: | decay |
The process of integrating new and already stored knowledge is called … | … consolidation. |
The effects of rehearsal are called … | … practice effects. |
2 types of rehearsal: | • elaborative rehearsal (by elaborating on the item) • maintenance rehearsal (by repeating the item) |
learning over longer periods of time: | distributed practice |
the opposit of distributed practice: | massed practice |
To maximize the effect on long-term recall spacing should be distributed over month. this effect is called .. | … the spacing effect. |
REM sleep is particularly important for .. | .. memory formation. |
The process of consolidation makes memory less prone to … | … decay or interference. |
After recalling memories (making them prone to decay and interference again) we sometimes need to … | … reconsolidate them. |
Specific techniques that help to memorize stuff: | Mnemonic devices |
Examples for mnemonic devices: | • categorical clustering • interactive images • method of loci • acronyms • keyword system (KABAH) |
When we want to improve our memory, we want to improve both the … | … retrospective memory and our prospective memory. |
Is retrieval a parallel or a serial process? | serial (althouth data could also be explained by parallel processing -> think hoarse race is over when the last hoarse is done) |
Is retrieval exhaustive (testing test digit agains all (!) stored digits) or self-terminating? | exhaustive |
When we have difficulties with retrieving info is it because of … | … availability or accessibility? |
Interference theory refers to the view that … | … forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interferes with recall of other words. |
Retroactive interference occurs when … | … newly acquired knowledge impedes on recall of older material. |
Proactive interference occurs when … | … material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of new material. |
When you switch from learning a list of numbers to a list of words your performance will rebound. This is known as … | … release from proactive interference. |
Schemas are mental frameworks that represent knowledge in a meaningful way. Schemas can help to show that … | … prior knowledge can have huge effects on memorizing new stuff. |