Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Cognitive Psychology Chapter VII - Landscape of Memory I
Cognitive Psychology Chapter VII - Landscape of Memory I
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter VII of Cognitive Psychology, focusing on the landscape of memory, including types of knowledge structures, mental imagery, and cognitive maps.
2 kinds of knowledge structures:
• declarative knowledge • procedural knowledge
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
2 kinds of knowledge structures:
• declarative knowledge • procedural knowledge
What is a symbolic representation?
relationship btw. representation and the to-be-represented is arbitrary (e.g. cat and an actual cat)
Imagery …
… is the mental representation of things that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs.
According to “dual-code theory” we use …
… both pictorial and verbal codes for representing information.
Analog codes …
… resemble the objects they represent.
Propositional theory:
we do not store mental representations in the form of images or mere words. They more closly resemble the abstract form of a proposition.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
2 kinds of knowledge structures: | • declarative knowledge • procedural knowledge |
What is a symbolic representation? | relationship btw. representation and the to-be-represented is arbitrary (e.g. cat and an actual cat) |
Imagery … | … is the mental representation of things that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs. |
According to “dual-code theory” we use … | … both pictorial and verbal codes for representing information. |
Analog codes … | … resemble the objects they represent. |
Propositional theory: | we do not store mental representations in the form of images or mere words. They more closly resemble the abstract form of a proposition. |
An example for a proposition: | eat |
What can be expressed in form of a proposition: | • actions • attributes • spatial position • category membership |
What can be used to show that mental images are not truly analogous to perceptions of physical objects? | ambiguous figures (Chambers & Reisberg) |
Semantic labels … | … clearly influence mental images. |
Critiques showed that part.s could reinterpret ambiguous figures, with the help of 1 of 4 hints: | • implicit reference-frame hint • explicit reference-frame hint • attentional hint • construals from “good” parts |
According to the functional-equivalence hypothesis, although … | … visual imagery is not identical to visual perception, it is functionally equivalent. |
5 general principles of visual imagery by Finke, give 2 examples: | • our mental movements across images correspond to those of physical percepts. • Mental images can be used to generate info that was not explicitly stored during encoding. |
What can be used to provide evidence for the functional-equivalence hypothesis? | • mental rotation and response times • image scaling • image scanning |
Corresponding to spatial neglect there also is … | … representational neglect. |
Some suggest that representations may take any of the following forms: | propositions, images or mental models. |
Mental models are structures … | … that individuals construct to understand and explain tehir experiences. |
Two kind of images: | • visual • spatial |
Cognitive maps are … | … internal representations of our physical environment. |
3 types of knowledge used when forming mental maps: | • landmark knowledge (imaginal and propositional representations) • route-road knowledge (procedural and declarative knowledge) • survey knowledge (imaginal and propositional) |
The 3 types of knowledge used in forming mental maps suggest that people … | … use both: analogical and propositional code e.g. for images of maps. |